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Hei ako i te uara mahi o te ako ā-take (CBL) me te tauira ako whakawhiti, te ako whai take, te aromatawai i mua, te ako whai wāhi, te aromatawai i muri me te whakarāpopototanga (BOPPPS) i roto i te whakaakoranga o ngā ākonga tohu paerua i roto i te pokanga waha me te pokanga kanohi. Mai i Hanuere ki Tīhema 2022, 38 ngā ākonga tohu paerua tau tuarua me te tuatoru i roto i te pokanga waha me te pokanga kanohi i tohua hei kaupapa rangahau, ā, i wehea matapōkeretia ki roto i tētahi rōpū whakangungu LBL tuku iho (19 tāngata) me tētahi rōpū whakangungu CBL i honoa ki te tauira BOPPPS (19 tāngata). I muri i te whakangungu, i aromatawaihia te mōhiotanga ariā o ngā ākonga, ā, i whakamahia te tauine Whakangungu Aromatawai Haumanu-iti kua whakarerekētia (Mini-CEX) hei aromatawai i te whakaaro haumanu o ngā ākonga. I taua wā anō, i aromatawaihia te whai huatanga whakaako whaiaro a ngā ākonga me te māramatanga o te kaiako ki te whai huatanga whakaako (TSTE), ā, i tirotirohia te pai o ngā ākonga ki ngā hua ako. He pai ake te mōhiotanga ariā taketake, te tātari take haumanu me te kaute katoa o te rōpū whakamātautau i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere, ā, he tino nui te rerekētanga (P < 0.05). I whakaatuhia e te kaute whakaaro arohaehae haumanu Mini-CEX whakarerekētia, haunga te taumata tuhituhi hītori take, kāore he rerekētanga tatauranga (P > 0.05), ko ngā tūemi e 4 kē atu me te kaute katoa o te rōpū whakamātautau he pai ake i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere, ā, he tino nui te rerekētanga (P < 0.05). He teitei ake te whai huatanga whakaako whaiaro, te TSTE me te kaute katoa i ērā i mua i te CBL me te aratau whakaako BOPPPS, ā, he tino nui te rerekētanga (P < 0.05). I whakapono ngā ākonga tohu paerua i roto i te rōpū whakamātautau ka taea e te tikanga whakaako hou te whakapai ake i te kaha whakaaro arohaehae haumanu o ngā ākonga, ā, he tino nui te rerekētanga i ngā āhuatanga katoa (P < 0.05). He maha atu ngā kaupapa i roto i te rōpū whakamātautau i whakaaro kua piki ake te pēhanga ako i te aratau whakaako hou, engari kāore i tino nui te rerekētanga (P > 0.05). Mā te whakamahi i te CBL me te tikanga whakaako BOPPPS ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha whakaaroaro haumanu o ngā ākonga, ā, ka āwhina i a rātou ki te urutau ki te auau haumanu. He huarahi whai hua tēnei hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakaako, ā, he mea tika kia whakatairangahia. He mea tika kia whakatairangahia te whakamahinga o te CBL me te tauira BOPPPS i roto i te kaupapa matua o te pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi, e kore e taea anake te whakapai ake i te mōhiotanga ariā taketake me te kaha whakaaroaro matatika o ngā ākonga matua, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te whai huatanga o te whakaako.
Ko te pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi ki runga i te niho, he peka e kitea ana i te uaua o te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga, te whānuitanga o ngā mate, me te uaua o ngā tikanga tātaritanga me te maimoatanga. I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere tonu te maha o ngā ākonga paerua kua whakaurua, engari he āwangawanga ngā pūtake o te whakaurunga ākonga me te āhua o te whakangungu kaimahi. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te ako paerua e ahu mai ana i te ako-whaiaro me te tāpiri atu ki ngā kauhau. Nā te kore o te kaha whakaaro haumanu kua arahi ki te meka he maha ngā ākonga paerua kāore e taea te matatau ki te pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi ki runga i te waewae i muri i te whakawhiwhinga tohu, ki te hanga rānei i tētahi huinga whakaaro tātaritanga "tūnga me te kounga" arorau. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakauruhia ngā tikanga whakaako mahi auaha, kia whakaoho i te hiahia me te hihiri o ngā ākonga ki te ako i te pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi ki runga, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi haumanu. Ka taea e te tauira whakaako CBL te whakauru i ngā take matua ki roto i ngā horopaki haumanu, te āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te hanga whakaaro haumanu tika i te wā e matapakihia ana ngā take haumanu1,2, te whakaoho katoa i te kaupapa a ngā ākonga, me te whakaoti pai i te raruraru o te korenga o te whakaurunga o te mahi haumanu ki roto i te mātauranga tuku iho3,4. He tauira whakaako whai hua te BOPPPS i whakatakotoria e te North American Workshop on Teaching Skills (ISW), kua tutuki i a rātou ngā hua pai i roto i te whakaakoranga haumanu o te nēhi, te pediatrics me ētahi atu kaupapa ako5,6. Ko te CBL i honoa ki te tauira whakaako BOPPPS e ahu mai ana i ngā take haumanu, ā, e tango ana i ngā ākonga hei rauemi matua, e whakawhanake ana i te whakaaro arohaehae o ngā ākonga, e whakapakari ana i te whakakotahitanga o te whakaako me te mahi haumanu, e whakapai ake ana i te kounga o te whakaako me te whakapai ake i te whakangungu o ngā pūkenga i roto i te mara o te pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi.
Hei ako i te whaihua me te whaihua o te rangahau, 38 ngā ākonga tohu paerua tau tuarua me te tuatoru (19 i ia tau) mai i te Tari Pokanga Waha me te Upoko o te Hōhipera Hononga Tuatahi o Te Whare Wānanga o Zhengzhou i tohua hei kaupapa rangahau mai i Hanuere ki Tīhema 2022. I wehea matapōkeretia rātou ki te rōpū whakamātautau me te rōpū whakahaere (Pikitia 1). I whakaae ngā kaiuru katoa ki te whai whakaaro. Kāore he rerekētanga nui o te tau, te ira tangata me ētahi atu raraunga whānui i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua (P>0.05). I whakamahia e te rōpū whakamātautau te tikanga whakaako CBL me te BOPPPS, ā, i whakamahia e te rōpū whakahaere te tikanga whakaako LBL tuku iho. Ko te akoranga haumanu i roto i ngā rōpū e rua he 12 marama. Ko ngā paearu whakauru ko: (i) ngā ākonga paerua tau tuarua me te tuatoru i roto i te Tari Pokanga Waha me te Upoko o tō mātou hōhipera mai i Hanuere ki Tīhema 2022 me (ii) te hiahia ki te whai wāhi ki te rangahau me te haina i te whakaaetanga whai whakaaro. I roto i ngā paearu whakakorenga i uru atu hoki (i) ngā ākonga kāore i whakaoti i te rangahau haumanu 12-marama me (ii) ngā ākonga kāore i whakaoti i ngā pātai, i ngā aromatawai rānei.
Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakarite i te tauira whakaako CBL me te BOPPPS ki te tikanga whakaako LBL tuku iho, me te aromatawai i tōna whai huatanga i roto i te mātauranga paerua o te pokanga kanohi-runga. Ko te tauira whakaako CBL me te BOPPPS he tikanga whakaako e ahu mai ana i ngā take, e aro ana ki ngā raruraru, e aro ana ki ngā ākonga. Ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te whakaaro me te ako takitahi mā te whakauru i a rātou ki ngā take tūturu, ā, ka whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakaaroaro haumanu me te whakaoti rapanga a ngā ākonga. Ko te tikanga whakaako LBL tuku iho he tikanga whakaako e ahu mai ana i ngā kauhau, e aro ana ki te whakawhiti mātauranga me te maumahara, ā, kāore e aro ki te kaupapa me te whai wāhi a ngā ākonga. Mā te whakarite i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tauira whakaako e rua i roto i te aromatawai i te mātauranga ariā, te aromatawai i te pūkenga whakaaroaro haumanu, te aromatawai i te whai huatanga whakaako whaiaro me te mahi a ngā kaiako, me te rangahau pātai mō te pai o ngā tauira kua puta ki te whakaako, ka taea e tātou te aromatawai i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te tauira CBL me te tauira whakaako BOPPPS i roto i te mātauranga o ngā tauira kua puta i te tohungatanga o te Pokanga Waha me te Pokanga Mata-runga, ā, ka whakatakoto i te turanga mō te whakapai ake i ngā tikanga whakaako.
I te tau 2017, i tohaina matapōkeretia ngā ākonga tau tuarua me te tuatoru o ngā tohu paerua ki tētahi rōpū whakamātautau, tae atu ki te 8 ngā ākonga tau tuarua me te 11 ngā ākonga tau tuatoru i te tau 2017, me tētahi rōpū whakahaere, tae atu ki te 11 ngā ākonga tau tuarua me te 8 ngā ākonga tau tuatoru i te tau 2017.
Ko te kaute ariā o te rōpū whakamātautau he 82.47±2.57 ngā tohu, ā, ko te kaute whakamātautau pūkenga taketake he 77.95±4.19 ngā tohu. Ko te kaute ariā o te rōpū whakahaere he 82.89±2.02 ngā tohu, ā, ko te kaute whakamātautau pūkenga taketake he 78.26±4.21 ngā tohu. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te kaute ariā me te kaute whakamātautau pūkenga taketake i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua (P>0.05).
I whai wāhi ngā rōpū e rua ki te whakangungu haumanu mō te 12 marama, ā, i whakaritea i runga i ngā mehua o te mōhiotanga ariā, te kaha ki te whakaaro haumanu, te whai huatanga whakaako whaiaro, te whai huatanga kaiako, me te pai o te whakaako ki ngā tauira kua puta i te kura.
Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Waihangahia he rōpū WeChat, ā, mā te kaiako e tuku ngā kōrero o te kaupapa me ngā pātai e pā ana ki te rōpū WeChat e toru ngā rā i mua i te tīmatanga o ia akoranga hei āwhina i ngā ākonga paerua ki te mārama ki ngā mea hei aro atu mā rātou i roto i ā rātou akoranga.
Whāinga: Ki te waihanga i tētahi tauira whakaako hou e arotahi ana ki te whakaahuatanga, te whaihuatanga me te whai huatanga, e whakapai ake ana i te whai huatanga o te ako, ā, e whakawhanake haere ana i te kaha whakaaroaro matatika haumanu o ngā ākonga.
Aromatawai i mua i te akomanga: Mā te āwhina o ngā whakamātautau poto, ka taea e tātou te aromatawai katoa i te taumata mōhiotanga o ngā ākonga me te whakarerekē i ngā rautaki whakaako i te wā tika.
Ako whai wāhi: Koinei te kaupapa matua o tēnei tauira. E ahu mai ana te ako i ngā āhuatanga tūturu, e whakaohooho ana i te kaupapa takitahi a ngā ākonga, e hono ana hoki i ngā mātauranga e tika ana.
Whakarāpopototanga: Tonoa ngā ākonga kia tuhi i tētahi mahere hinengaro, i tētahi rākau mātauranga rānei hei whakarāpopoto i ngā mea kua akohia e rātou.
I whai te kaiako i tētahi tauira whakaako tuku iho, arā, ko te kaiako te kaikorero, ā, ko ngā ākonga te hunga whakarongo, me te kore he taunekeneke atu, ā, i whakamārama i te āhua o te tūroro i runga i tōna āhua.
Kei roto ko ngā mātauranga ariā taketake (60 ngā tohu) me te tātari i ngā take haumanu (40 ngā tohu), ko te tapeke o ngā tohu he 100 ngā tohu.
I tohaina ngā kaupapa ki te aromatawai i a rātou anō i ngā tūroro i roto i te tari pokanga ā-waha me te maxillofacial ohorere, ā, i tirotirohia rātou e ngā tākuta e rua e haere mai ana. I whakangungua ngā tākuta e haere mai ana ki te whakamahi i te tauine, kāore i uru ki te whakangungu, ā, kāore i te mōhio ki ngā mahi a te rōpū. I whakamahia te tauine Mini-CEX kua whakarerekētia hei aromatawai i ngā ākonga, ā, ko te kaute toharite i tangohia hei tohu whakamutunga7 a te ākonga. Ka aromatawaihia ia ākonga paerua e 5 ngā wā, ā, ka tatauhia he kaute toharite. Ka aromatawaihia e te tauine Mini-CEX kua whakarerekētia ngā ākonga paerua i runga i ngā āhuatanga e rima: te whakatau haumanu, ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakarite, te urutau, te tuku maimoatanga, me te tuhi take. Ko te kaute mōrahi mō ia tūemi he 20 ngā tohu.
I whakamahia te Tauine Whai Hua Whakaako Whaiaro nā Ashton me te TSES nā Yu et al.8 hei tirotiro me te aromatawai i te whakamahinga o te CBL me te tauira BOPPPS e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga i roto i te whakaakoranga pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi. I whakamahia he tauine Likert 6-ira me te tapeke kaute mai i te 27 ki te 162. Ko te teitei ake o te kaute, ko te teitei ake o te whakaaro o te kaiako ki te whai huatanga o te whakaako.
E rua ngā rōpū kaupapa i uiuitia i runga i te ingoa huna mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauine aromatawai-whaiaro hei mārama ki ō rātou ngākau pai ki te tikanga whakaako. Ko te tauwehenga ārepa a Cronbach o te tauine he 0.75.
I whakamahia te pūmanawa tatauranga SPSS 22.0 hei tātari i ngā raraunga e tika ana. Ko ngā raraunga katoa e pā ana ki te tohatoha noa i whakaatuhia hei toharite ± SD. I whakamahia te whakamātautau-t tauira takirua hei whakatairite i waenga i ngā rōpū. I tohu a P < 0.05 he tino hiranga te rerekētanga i roto i te tatauranga.
He pai ake ngā kaute ariā o te tuhinga (tae atu ki ngā mōhiotanga ariā taketake, te tātari take haumanu me te kaute katoa) o te rōpū whakamātautau i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere, ā, he rerekētanga nui te tatauranga (P < 0.05), e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1.
I aromatawaihia ia taha mā te whakamahi i te Mini-CEX kua whakarerekētia. Haunga te taumata tuhituhi hītori hauora, kāore i whakaatu i tētahi rerekētanga tatauranga (P> 0.05), ko ngā tūemi e whā me te kaute katoa o te rōpū whakamātautau he pai ake i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere, ā, he rerekētanga nui te tatauranga (P< 0.05), e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 2.
I muri i te whakatinanatanga o te CBL me te tauira whakaako BOPPPS, i pai ake te whai huatanga ako whaiaro a ngā ākonga, ngā hua TSTE me ngā kaute katoa i whakaritea ki te wā i mua i te whakatinanatanga, ā, he rerekētanga nui te tatauranga (P < 0.05), e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 3.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te tauira whakaako tuku iho, mā te whakamahi i te CBL me te tauira whakaako BOPPPS ka mārama ake ngā whāinga ako, ka whakaatu i ngā kaupapa matua me ngā uauatanga, ka māmā ake te mārama ki ngā ihirangi whakaako, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kaupapa ako a ngā ākonga, ka pai ake ai te whakapai ake i te whakaaro haumanu o ngā ākonga. He rerekētanga nui ngā āhuatanga katoa (P < 0.05). I whakaaro te nuinga o ngā ākonga i roto i te rōpū whakamātautau nā te tauira whakaako hou i whakapiki ake tā rātou kawenga ako, engari kāore i tino rerekē te rerekētanga ki te whakatauritea ki te rōpū whakahaere (P > 0.05), e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 4.
Ko ngā take e kore ai e taea e ngā ākonga tohu paerua o nāianei te mahi haumanu i muri i te whakawhiwhinga tohu ka tātarihia penei: Tuatahi, ko te marautanga o te pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga ā-runga: i a rātou e ako ana, me whakaoti e ngā ākonga tohu paerua te noho paerewa, te tiaki i tētahi tuhinga rangahau, me te whakahaere rangahau hauora taketake. I taua wā anō, me mahi rātou i ngā huringa pō me ngā mahi haumanu iti, ā, kāore e taea e rātou te whakaoti i ngā mahi katoa i roto i te wā kua whakaritea. Tuarua, ko te taiao hauora: i te mea ka kaha haere te whanaungatanga tākuta-tūroro, ka heke haere ngā whai wāhitanga mahi haumanu mō ngā ākonga tohu paerua. Ko te nuinga o ngā ākonga kāore i a rātou ngā pūkenga tātaritanga me te maimoatanga motuhake, ā, kua tino heke te kounga o ō rātou mahi. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te whakauru i ngā tikanga whakaako mahi hei whakaoho i te hiahia me te hihiri o ngā ākonga ki te ako me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā mahi whakangungu haumanu.
Ko te tikanga whakaako take CBL e ahu mai ana i ngā take haumanu9,10. Ka whakaarahia e ngā kaiako ngā raruraru haumanu, ā, ka whakatauhia e ngā ākonga mā te ako takitahi, mā te kōrero rānei. Ka whakamahia e ngā ākonga ō rātou whakaaro whaiaro i roto i te ako me te kōrero, ā, ka āta hanga he whakaaro haumanu tino whānui, e whakaoti ana i te raruraru o te korenga o te whakaurunga o te mahi haumanu me te whakaakoranga tuku iho. Ka honoa e te tauira BOPPPS ētahi kaupapa motuhake i te tīmatanga hei hanga i tētahi whatunga mātauranga pūtaiao, tino, mārama hoki, e āwhina ana i ngā ākonga ki te ako me te whakamahi i te mātauranga kua riro mai i roto i te mahi haumanu11,12. Ko te CBL i honoa ki te tauira whakaako BOPPPS ka huri i te mātauranga kāore i te mārama i mua mō te pokanga kanohi ki ngā pikitia me ngā horopaki haumanu13,14, e kawe ana i te mātauranga i roto i te huarahi mārama ake, mārama ake hoki, e tino whakapai ake ana i te whai huatanga o te ako. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua, ki te whakatauritea ki te rōpū whakahaere, ko te whakamahinga o te CBL15 i honoa ki te tauira BOPPPS16 i roto i te whakaakoranga pokanga kanohi he pai ki te whakawhanake i te kaha whakaaro matatika haumanu o ngā ākonga rangatira, te whakapakari i te whakakotahitanga o te whakaako me te mahi haumanu, me te whakapai ake i te kounga whakaako. He nui ake ngā hua o te rōpū whakamātautau i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere. E rua ngā take mō tēnei: tuatahi, nā te tauira whakaako hou i whakamahia e te rōpū whakamātautau i whakapai ake te kaupapa ako a ngā ākonga; tuarua, nā te whakaurunga o ngā mātauranga maha i whakapai ake i tō rātou māramatanga ki te mātauranga ngaio.
I whakawhanakehia te Mini-CEX e te American Academy of Internal Medicine i te tau 1995 i runga i te putanga māmā o te tauine CEX tuku iho17. Ehara i te mea he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā kura hauora o tāwāhi18 engari he tikanga hoki hei aromatawai i te mahi ako a ngā tākuta me ngā nēhi i ngā kura hauora nui me ngā kura hauora i Haina19,20. I whakamahia e tēnei rangahau te tauine Mini-CEX kua whakarerekētia hei aromatawai i te kaha haumanu o ngā rōpū e rua o ngā ākonga tohu paerua. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua, haunga te taumata o te tuhi hītori take, ko ngā kaha haumanu e whā o te rōpū whakamātautau he teitei ake i ērā o te rōpū whakahaere, ā, he nui ngā rerekētanga i roto i te tatauranga. Nā te mea ko te tikanga whakaako whakakotahi o te CBL e aro nui ake ana ki te hononga i waenga i ngā tohu mātauranga, he pai ake mō te whakatipu i te kaha whakaaro arohaehae haumanu o ngā tākuta. Ko te ariā taketake o te CBL me te tauira BOPPPS he arotahi ki te ākonga, e hiahia ana kia ako ngā ākonga i ngā rauemi, kia matapaki kaha me te whakarāpopoto, me te whakahōhonu i ō rātou māramatanga mā te matapaki take. Mā te whakauru i te ariā ki te mahi, ka pai ake te mātauranga ngaio, te kaha whakaaro haumanu me te kaha whānui.
Ko te hunga whai whakaaro nui ki te whai huatanga whakaako ka kaha ake te mahi, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga whakaako. I whakaatuhia e tēnei rangahau he nui ake te whakaaro o ngā kaiako i whakamahi i te CBL me te tauira BOPPPS i roto i te whakaakoranga pokanga waha ki te whai whakaaro nui ki te whai huatanga whakaako me te whai huatanga whakaako whaiaro i te hunga kāore i whakamahi i te tikanga whakaako hou. E whakaarohia ana ko te CBL me te tauira BOPPPS ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakapai ake i te kaha mahi haumanu o ngā ākonga, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te whakaaro o ngā kaiako ki te whai huatanga whakaako. Ka mārama ake ngā whāinga whakaako a ngā kaiako, ā, ka teitei ake tō rātou hihiri ki te whakaako. He maha ake ngā wā e kōrero tahi ana ngā kaiako me ngā ākonga, ā, ka taea e rātou te tiri me te arotake i ngā ihirangi whakaako i te wā tika, ka taea ai e ngā kaiako te whiwhi urupare mai i ngā ākonga, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga whakaako me te whai huatanga whakaako.
Ngā Here: He iti te rahi o te tauira o tēnei rangahau, ā, he poto te wā o te rangahau. Me whakanui ake te rahi o te tauira, me whakaroa ake hoki te wā whai muri. Mēnā ka hangaia he rangahau maha-pokapū, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki te kaha ako o ngā ākonga paerua. I whakaatuhia hoki e tēnei rangahau ngā painga pea o te whakakotahi i te CBL me te tauira BOPPPS i roto i te whakaakoranga pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi. I roto i ngā rangahau tauira iti, ka whakaurua mārire ngā kaupapa maha-pokapū me ngā rahi tauira nui ake hei whakatutuki i ngā hua rangahau pai ake, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te whanaketanga o te whakaakoranga pokanga ā-waha me te pokanga kanohi.
Ko te CBL, me te tauira whakaako BOPPPS, e arotahi ana ki te whakawhanake i te kaha whakaaro motuhake o ngā ākonga me te whakapai ake i ō rātou kaha ki te tautuhi me te whakatau maimoatanga haumanu, kia pai ake ai te whakaoti rapanga ā-waha me ngā raruraru kanohi-runga me te whakaaro o ngā tākuta, kia tere ai te urutau ki te auau me te huringa o te mahi haumanu. He huarahi whai hua tēnei hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakaako. Ka whakamahia e mātou ngā mahi pai rawa atu i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ā, ka whakatakotohia ki runga i te āhuatanga tūturu o tā mātou tohungatanga. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa tēnei i ngā ākonga ki te whakamārama ake i ō rātou whakaaro me te whakangungu i ō rātou kaha whakaaro arorau haumanu, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaako, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te whakaako. He mea tika kia whakatairangahia, kia whakamahia hoki i roto i te haumanu.
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Wā tuku: Maehe-17-2025