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He maha ngā wā ka puta te tipu o ngā moroiti i roto i ngā patunga hei kiriata koiora, e whakararuraru ana i te whakaora, ā, he uaua ki te whakakore. E kī ana ngā takai hiriwa hou ka taea te whawhai ki ngā mate patunga, engari kāore i te mōhiotia whānuitia te whai huatanga o te kiriata paturopi me ngā pānga whakaora kore-mate. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira kiriata koiora in vitro me in vivo o Staphylococcus aureus me Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ka ripoatahia e mātou te whai huatanga o ngā takai whakaputa-katote Ag1+; ngā takai Ag1+ kei roto te waikawa ethylenediaminetetraacetic me te benzethonium chloride (Ag1+/EDTA/BC), me ngā takai kei roto te nitrate hiriwa (Ag oxysalts). , e whakaputa ana i ngā katote Ag1+, Ag2+ me Ag3+ hei whawhai ki te kiriata koiora patunga me tōna pānga ki te whakaora. He iti noa ngā pānga o ngā takai Ag1+ ki te kiriata koiora patunga in vitro me ngā kiore (C57BL/6j). He rerekē, ko ngā tote Ag whai hāora me ngā takai Ag1+/EDTA/BC i whakaiti nui i te maha o ngā huakita ora i roto i ngā kiriata koiora in vitro, ā, i whakaatu i te whakahekenga nui o ngā wāhanga huakita me te EPS i roto i ngā kiriata koiora patunga kiore. He rerekē ngā pānga o ēnei takai ki te whakaora i ngā patunga kua pangia e te biofilm me ngā patunga kāore i pangia e te biofilm, ā, he nui ake ngā pānga pai o ngā takai tote whai hāora ki te whakahounga o ngā epithelialization, te rahi o te patunga, me te mumura ki te whakataurite ki ngā maimoatanga mana whakahaere me ētahi atu takai hiriwa. Tērā pea he rerekē ngā pānga o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū rerekē o ngā takai hiriwa ki te biofilm patunga me te whakaora, ā, me whai whakaaro ki tēnei i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi takai hei rongoā i ngā patunga kua pangia e te biofilm.
Ko ngā patunga mau tonu e whakamāramahia ana ko "ngā patunga e kore e ahu whakamua i roto i ngā wāhanga noa o te whakaora i roto i te huarahi tika me te wā tika" 1. Ka hangaia e ngā patunga mau tonu he kawenga hinengaro, pāpori me te ōhanga mō ngā tūroro me te pūnaha hauora. Ko te whakapaunga ā-tau a te NHS ki te rongoā i ngā patunga me ngā mate tāpiri e pā ana e kiia ana he £8.3 piriona i te tau 2017–182. He raruraru nui hoki ngā patunga mau tonu i te United States i tēnei wā, me te whakatau a Medicare ko te utu ā-tau mō te rongoā i ngā tūroro he patunga kei te $28.1–$96.8 piriona3.
He take nui te mate pāwera e ārai ana i te whakaora o te patunga. He maha ngā wā ka puta mai ngā mate pāwera hei biofilms, e kitea ana i roto i te 78% o ngā patunga mau tonu kāore e ora. Ka puta ngā biofilms ina piri tonu ngā moroiti ki ngā mata, pērā i ngā mata patunga, ā, ka taea te whakakotahi hei hanga i ngā hapori whakaputa polymer extracellular (EPS). E hono ana te biofilm patunga ki te pikinga o te urupare mumura e arahi ana ki te kino o te kiko, ka taea te whakaroa, te aukati rānei i te whakaora4. Ko te pikinga o te kino o te kiko ka puta pea i te pikinga o te mahi a ngā matrix metalloproteinases, collagenase, elastase me ngā momo hāora tauhohe5. Heoi anō, ko ngā pūtau mumura me ngā biofilms he kaihoko nui o te hāora, ā, ka taea te whakararu i te hypoxia kiko ā-rohe, ka whakaiti i te hāora nui e hiahiatia ana e ngā pūtau e hiahiatia ana mō te whakatikatika kiko whai hua6.
He tino ātete ngā kiriata koiora kua pakeke ki ngā rongoā patu huakita, ā, me whai rautaki kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā mate kiri koiora, pērā i te maimoatanga ā-ringa, ā, muri iho ka whai maimoatanga patu huakita whai hua. Nā te mea ka taea e ngā kiriata koiora te hanga hou tere, ka taea e ngā patu huakita whai hua te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te hanganga anō i muri i te tangohanga pokanga7.
Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o te hiriwa i roto i ngā takai patu huakita, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei rongoā tuatahi mō ngā patunga kua pangia e te mate. He maha ngā takai hiriwa e wātea ana i te hokohoko, kei roto i ia takai he hanganga hiriwa rerekē, he kukū, he pūtake turanga. Nā ngā whanaketanga o ngā here ringa hiriwa kua hua ake te whanaketanga o ngā here ringa hiriwa hou. He koretake te āhua whakarewa o te hiriwa (Ag0); Hei whakatutuki i te whai huatanga patu huakita, me ngaro te irahiko hei hanga i te hiriwa ionic (Ag1+). Kei roto i ngā takai hiriwa tuku iho ngā pūhui hiriwa, te hiriwa whakarewa rānei, e pirau ana hei hanga i ngā iona Ag1+ ina pāngia e te wai. Ka tauhohe ēnei iona Ag1+ ki te pūtau huakita, ka tangohia ngā irahiko mai i ngā wāhanga hanganga, i ngā tukanga nui rānei e tika ana mō te oranga. Kua hua ake te hangarau patent i te whanaketanga o tētahi pūhui hiriwa hou, ko ngā Ag oxysalts (te nitrate hiriwa, Ag7NO11), kei roto i ngā takai patunga. Kāore i rite ki te hiriwa tuku iho, ko te pirau o ngā tote kei roto te hāora ka puta he āhua hiriwa me te valence teitei ake (Ag1+, Ag2+ me Ag3+). Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau in vitro he iti ake te whai huatanga o ngā tote hiriwa whai hāora i te hiriwa kotahi-katote (Ag1+) ki ngā huakita mate pēnei i a Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus me Escherichia coli8,9. Ko tētahi atu momo hiriwa hou kei roto ko ngā kai tāpiri, arā, ko te waikawa ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) me te benzethonium chloride (BC), e kīia ana ka aro ki te biofilm EPS, ā, ka whakanui ake i te urunga o te hiriwa ki roto i te biofilm. Ka tukuna e ēnei hangarau hiriwa hou he huarahi hou ki te aro ki ngā biofilm patunga. Heoi, he mea nui te pānga o ēnei patu huakita ki te taiao patunga me te whakaora kore-mate kia kore ai e hanga he taiao patunga kino, e whakaroa rānei i te whakaora. Kua pūrongohia ngā āwangawanga mō te paitini hiriwa in vitro me ētahi hiriwa10,11. Heoi, kāore anō kia hurihia te paitini in vitro ki te paitini in vivo, ā, kua whakaatuhia e ētahi Ag1+ he āhua haumaru pai12.
I konei, i tirotirohia e mātou te whai huatanga o ngā takai carboxymethylcellulose kei roto ngā whakatakotoranga hiriwa hou ki te biofilm patunga i roto i te vitro me te in vivo. Hei tāpiri, i aromatawaihia ngā pānga o ēnei takai ki ngā urupare ārai mate me te whakaora ahakoa te mate.
I te hokohoko ngā takai katoa i whakamahia. Ko te 3M Kerracel Gel Fiber Dressing (3M, Knutsford, UK) he takai muka gel carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 100% kore-paturopi i whakamahia hei takai whakahaere i roto i tēnei rangahau. E toru ngā takai hiriwa CMC paturopi i arotakengia, arā, ko te 3M Kerracel Ag dressing (3M, Knutsford, UK), kei roto ko te 1.7 wt%. tote hiriwa hāora (Ag7NO11) i roto i ngā katote hiriwa uara teitei ake (Ag1+, Ag2+ me Ag3+). I te wā e pirau ana a Ag7NO11, ka hangaia ngā katote Ag1+, Ag2+ me Ag3+ i te ōwehenga 1:2:4. Ko te takai Aquacel Ag Extra kei roto ko te 1.2% te pūhaumāota hiriwa (Ag1+) (ConvaTec, Deeside, UK) 13 me te takai Aquacel Ag + Extra kei roto ko te 1.2% te pūhaumāota hiriwa (Ag1+), te EDTA me te pūhaumāota benzethonium (ConvaTec, Deeside, UK) 14.
Ko ngā momo i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau ko Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10781 (Public Health England, Salisbury) me Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 (Public Health England, Salisbury).
I whakatipuria ngā huakita i te pō i roto i te hupa Muller-Hinton (Oxoid, Altrincham, UK). Kātahi ka whakaranua te ahurea i te pō ki te 1:100 i roto i te hupa Mueller-Hinton, ā, ka pania ki te 200 µl ki runga i ngā kiriuhi cyclopore Whatman 0.2 µm (Whatman plc, Maidstone, UK) ki runga i ngā pereti agar Mueller-Hinton (Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd, Kent, Great Britain). Te hanganga o te kiriata koiora koroni i te 37°C mō ngā hāora 24. I whakamatautauria ēnei kiriata koiora koroni mō te whakahekenga logarithmic.
Tapatapahia te takai kia 3 cm2 ngā tapawhā, ā, whakamakukuhia ki te wai whakakore iona parakore. Whakatakotoria te takai ki runga i te kiriata koiora o te koroni i runga i te pereti agar. I tangohia ia 24 heketea o te kiriata koiora, ā, i inehia ngā huakita ora i roto i te kiriata koiora (CFU/ml) mā te whakaranu raupapa (10−1 ki te 10−7) i roto i te hupa whakakore Day-Angle (Merck-Millipore). I muri i te 24 hāora o te whakatipu i te 37°C, i mahia ngā tatau pereti paerewa ki runga i ngā pereti agar Mueller-Hinton. I mahia ia maimoatanga me te wā i roto i ngā tāruarua e toru, ā, i tuaruatia ngā tatau pereti mō ia whakaranu.
Ka tangohia te kiri puku poaka mai i ngā poaka uwha nui mā i roto i te 15 meneti o te patunga, e ai ki ngā paerewa kaweake o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. I heua te kiri, ā, i horoia ki ngā tauera waipiro, kātahi ka whakatiohia ki te -80°C mō ngā haora 24 hei whakaiti i te kaha o te kiri. I muri i te whakarewa, ka horoia ngā wahi kiri 1 cm2 kia toru ngā wā ki te PBS, 0.6% konutai hypochlorite, me te 70% etanoru mō ngā meneti 20 i ia wā. I mua i te tango i te kiri kiri, tangohia te etanoru e toe ana mā te horoi kia toru ngā wā ki te PBS parakore. I whakatipuria te kiri ki roto i tētahi pereti 6-pū me te kiri nairona matotoru 0.45-μm (Merck-Millipore) i runga, me ngā papa mimiti e 3 (Merck-Millipore) kei roto ko te 3 ml serum kau kukune (Sigma) kua tāpirihia ki te 10% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle. Medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium – Aldrich Ltd.).
I whakatipuria ngā kiriata koiora koroni e ai ki te whakaahuatanga mō ngā rangahau whakaaturanga kiriata koiora. Whai muri i te whakatipu i te kiriata koiora ki runga i te kiriuhi mō ngā hāora 72, i pania te kiriata koiora ki te mata o te kiri mā te whakamahi i tētahi koropiko werohanga parakore, ā, i tangohia te kiriuhi. Kātahi ka whaowhia te kiriata koiora ki runga i te kiri o te poaka mō ētahi atu hāora 24 i te 37°C kia taea ai e te kiriata koiora te pakeke me te piri ki te kiri o te poaka. Whai muri i te pakeketanga me te piri o te kiriata koiora, ka pania he takai 1.5 cm2, kua whakamakukuhia ki te wai whakapūkara parakore, ki te mata o te kiri, ā, ka whaowhia ki te 37°C mō ngā hāora 24. I tirohia ngā huakita ora mā te tae mā te paninga ōrite i te matū ora pūtau PrestoBlue (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) ki te mata o runga o ia explant me te whaowhia mō ngā meneti 5. Whakamahia te kāmera mamati Leica DFC425 hei hopu whakaahua tonu i runga i te karuārai Leica MZ8. I tauahia ngā wāhi māwhero mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Image Pro putanga 10 (Media Cybernetics Inc, Rockville, MD Image-Pro (mediacy.com)). I mahia te karuārai hiko matawai e ai ki te whakaahuatanga i raro nei.
I whakaranua ngā huakita i whakatipuria i te pō ki te 1:100 i roto i te hupa Mueller-Hinton. I tāpirihia te 200 μl o te ahurea ki te membrane cyclopore Whatman 0.2 μm parakore (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) ā, i pania ki runga i te agar Mueller-Hinton. I whaowhia ngā pereti kiriata koiora ki te 37°C mō ngā haora 72 kia taea ai te hanganga kiriata koiora pakari.
I muri i ngā rā e 3 o te pakari o te kiriata koiora, i whakatakotoria he takai tapawhā 3 cm2 ki runga i te kiriata koiora, ā, i whakatōkia ki te 37°C mō ngā hāora 24. I muri i te tango i te takai mai i te mata o te kiriata koiora, i tāpirihia te 1 ml o te PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA) ki te mata o ia kiriata koiora mō ngā hēkona 20. I whakamaroketia ngā mata i mua i te hopukina o ngā panoni tae mā te whakamahi i te kāmera matihiko Nikon D2300 (Nikon UK Ltd., Kingston, UK).
Whakaritea ngā ahurea mō te pō ki runga i te agar Mueller-Hinton, whakawhitihia ngā koroni takitahi ki te 10 ml hupa Mueller-Hinton ka whakatōkia ki runga i te rūrū i te 37°C (100 rpm). I muri i te whakatōkia mō te pō, i whakaranua te ahurea ki roto i te hupa Mueller-Hinton i te tauwehenga 1:100, ā, i pania te 300 µl ki runga i te membrane Whatman cyclopore porowhita 0.2 µm (Whatman International, Maidstone, UK) ki runga i te agar Mueller-Hinton, ā, i whakatōkia ki te 37°C i roto i ngā haora 72. . I pania te kiriata koiora pakari ki te patunga e ai ki te whakaahuatanga i raro nei.
I whakahaerehia ngā mahi katoa me ngā kararehe i Te Whare Wānanga o Manchester i raro i te raihana kaupapa i whakaaetia e te Tari Tiaki Kararehe me te Arotake Matatika (P8721BD27) me te rite ki ngā aratohu i whakaputaina e te Tari Kāinga i raro i te ASPA whakahoutia o te tau 2012. I piri ngā kaituhi katoa ki ngā aratohu taenga mai. Ko ngā kiore C57BL/6j e waru wiki te pakeke (Envigo, Oxon, UK) i whakamahia mō ngā rangahau in vivo katoa. I whakamoea ngā kiore ki te isoflurane (Piramal Critical Care Ltd, West Drayton, UK) ā, i heua ō rātou mata tuara, ā, i horoia. Kātahi ka hoatu he patunga tapahi 2 × 6 mm ki ia kiore mā te whakamahi i te werohanga Stiefel biopsy (Schuco International, Hertfordshire, UK). Mō ngā patunga kua pangia e te biofilm, tāpirihia te biofilm koroni 72-hāora i whakatipuria ki runga i te membrane e ai ki te whakaahuatanga i runga ake nei ki te paparanga kiri o te patunga mā te whakamahi i te koropiko werohanga parakore i muri tonu i te whara, ā, maka atu te membrane. Kotahi henimita tapawha o te takai kua whakamakukuhia ki te wai parakore hei pupuri i te taiao patunga makuku. I pania tika ngā takai ki ia patunga, ā, i hipokina ki te kiriata 3M Tegaderm (3M, Bracknell, UK) me te piripiri wai Mastisol (Eloquest Healthcare, Ferndale, MI) i pania ki ngā taha hei tāpiri atu i te piri. I tukuna te Buprenorphine (Animalcare, York, UK) i te kukū o te 0.1 mg/kg hei rongoā mamae. E toru ngā rā i muri i te whara, tapahia ngā kiore mā te whakamahi i te tikanga Hōtaka 1, kātahi ka tangohia, tapahia kia rua, ka rongoatia te wāhi patunga ina hiahiatia.
I whakamahia te tae Hematoxylin (ThermoFisher Scientific) me te eosin (ThermoFisher Scientific) kia rite ki te tikanga a te kaihanga. I tauahia te horahanga o te patunga me te whakahounga o ngā kiri mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Image Pro putanga 10 (Media Cybernetics Inc, Rockville, MD).
I tangohia ngā wāhanga kiko i roto i te xylene (ThermoFisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK), i whakamakukuhia ki te 100–50% etanoru kua whakarōpūtia, ā, i rumakina poto ki roto i te wai tango-ion (ThermoFisher Scientific). I mahia te immunohistochemistry mā te whakamahi i te kete VectaStain Elite ABC PK-6104 (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) e ai ki te tikanga a te kaihanga. Ko ngā paturopi tuatahi ki ngā neutrophils NIMP-R14 (Thermofisher Scientific) me ngā macrophages Ms CD107b Pure M3/84 (BD Biosciences, Wokingham, UK) i whakaranua 1:100 ki roto i te otinga aukati, ā, i tāpirihia ki te mata tapahi, ā, i whai ake ko ngā paturopi e 2, arā, ko te Anti-, VectaStain ABC me te Vector Nova Red Peroxidase (HRP) substrate kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) ā, i pania ki te hematoxylin. I tangohia ngā whakaahua mā te whakamahi i tētahi karu hiko Olympus BX43 me tētahi kāmera matihiko Olympus DP73 (Olympus, Southend-on-Sea, UK).
I whakapirihia ngā tauira kiri ki te 2.5% glutaraldehyde me te 4% formaldehyde ki te 0.1 M HEPES (pH 7.4) mō ngā haora 24 i te 4°C. I whakamaroketia ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i te etanoru kua whakarōpūtia, ā, i whakamaroketia ki te CO2 mā te whakamahi i te whakamaroke pūwāhi matua Quorum K850 (Quorum Technologies Ltd, Loughton, UK) ā, i pania te sputter ki te koranu koura-palladium mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha sputterer/glow discharge mini Quorum SC7620. I whakaahuahia ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i te karu hiko matawai FEI Quanta 250 (ThermoFisher Scientific) hei tiro i te pūwāhi pokapū o te patunga.
I pania te Toto-1 iodide (2 μM) ki te mata o te patunga o te kiore i tangohia, ā, i whaowhia mō te 5 meneti i te 37 °C (ThermoFisher Scientific) ā, i rongoatia ki te Syto-60 (10 μM) i te 37 °C (ThermoFisher Scientific). I hangaia ngā whakaahua Z-stack 15-meneti mā te whakamahi i te Leica TCS SP8.
I tātaihia, i tātarihia hoki ngā raraunga tārua koiora me ngā raraunga hangarau mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Graphpad Prism V9 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA). I whakamahia te tātaritanga rerekētanga kotahi-ara me ngā whakataurite maha mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau muri-hoc a Dunnett hei whakamātautau i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ia maimoatanga me te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi. I kiia he uara p <0.05 he mea nui.
I arotakehia tuatahitia te whai huatanga o ngā takai muka hiriwa ki ngā koroni biofilm o Staphylococcus aureus me Pseudomonas aeruginosa i roto i te vitro. He rerekē ngā momo hiriwa kei roto i ngā takai hiriwa: ka puta ngā iona Ag1+ i ngā takai hiriwa tuku iho; ka taea e ngā takai hiriwa te whakaputa i ngā iona Ag1+ i muri i te tāpiritanga o te EDTA/BC, te whakangaro i te hanganga biofilm me te whakaatu i ngā huakita ki te hiriwa i raro i te pānga patu huakita o ngā iona hiriwa15 me ngā takai kei roto ngā tote Ag hāora e whakaputa ana i ngā iona Ag1+, Ag2+ me Ag3+. I whakaritea tōna whai huatanga ki tētahi takai whakahaere kore-paturopi i hangaia mai i ngā muka kua whakapūkaratia. I arotakehia ngā huakita ora e toe ana i roto i te biofilm i ia 24 hāora mō ngā rā e 8 (Pikitia 1). I te rā 5, i whakahokia te biofilm ki te 3.85 × 105S. Staphylococcus aureus, 1.22 × 105P. aeruginosa rānei hei aromatawai i te whakaoranga o te biofilm. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā takai whakahaere kore-paturopi, he iti noa te pānga o ngā takai Ag1+ ki te oranga o ngā huakita i roto i ngā kiriata Staphylococcus aureus me Pseudomonas aeruginosa mō ngā rā e 5. He rerekē, ko ngā takai kei roto ngā tote Ag me Ag1+ + EDTA/BC kua whakakīia ki te hāora he whai hua ki te patu i ngā huakita i roto i te kiriata i roto i ngā rā e 5. Whai muri i te werohanga anō ki ngā huakita planktonic i te rā 5, kāore i kitea he whakaoranga o te kiriata (Pikitia 1).
Te ine i ngā huakita ora i roto i ngā kiriata koiora Staphylococcus aureus me Pseudomonas aeruginosa i muri i te maimoatanga ki ngā takai hiriwa. I rongoatia ngā koroni kiriata koiora o Staphylococcus aureus me Pseudomonas aeruginosa ki ngā takai hiriwa, ki ngā takai whakahaere kore-paturopi rānei, ā, i whakatauhia te maha o ngā huakita ora e toe ana i ia 24 hāora. I muri i ngā rā e 5, i whakahokia te kiriata koiora ki te 3.85×105S. Staphylococcus aureus, 1.22×105P rānei. I hangaia takitahi ngā koroni o te bacterioplankton Pseudomonas aeruginosa hei aromatawai i te whakaoranga o te kiriata koiora. E whakaatu ana ngā kauwhata i te toharite +/- hapa paerewa.
Hei tiro i te pānga o ngā takai hiriwa ki te oranga o te biofilm, i pania ngā takai ki ngā biofilm pakeke i whakatipuria ki te kiri poaka ex vivo. I muri i ngā haora 24, ka tangohia te takai, ā, ka pania te biofilm ki te tae kikorangi tauhohe, ka hurihia e ngā huakita ora ki te tae māwhero. Ko ngā biofilm i rongoatia ki ngā takai mana whakahaere he māwhero, e tohu ana i te aroaro o ngā huakita ora i roto i te biofilm (Pikitia 2A). He rerekē, ko te biofilm i rongoatia ki te takai Ag oxysols he kikorangi te nuinga, e tohu ana ko ngā huakita e toe ana i runga i te mata o te kiri poaka he huakita kore ora (Pikitia 2B). I kitea te tae kikorangi me te māwhero i roto i ngā biofilm i rongoatia ki ngā takai kei roto te Ag1+, e tohu ana i te aroaro o ngā huakita ora me ngā huakita kore ora i roto i te biofilm (Pikitia 2C), ko ngā takai EDTA/BC kei roto te Ag1+ he kikorangi te nuinga me ētahi ira māwhero. e tohu ana i ngā wāhi kāore i pāngia e te takai hiriwa (Pikitia 2D). Ko te ine i ngā wāhi hohe (māwhero) me ngā wāhi kore mahi (kikorangi) i whakaatu ko te papaki mana whakahaere he 75% hohe (Pikitia 2E). He rite tonu te mahi a ngā takai Ag1+ + EDTA/BC ki ngā takai tote Ag kua whakakīia ki te hāora, me te 13% me te 14% te auau oranga. I whakaitihia hoki e te takai Ag1+ te oranga o ngā huakita mā te 21%. I tirohia ēnei kiriata koiora mā te whakamahi i te karu hiko matawai (SEM). I muri i te maimoatanga ki te takai whakahaere me te takai Ag1+, i kitea he paparanga o Pseudomonas aeruginosa e kapi ana i te kiri poaka (Pikitia 2F,H), engari i muri i te maimoatanga ki te takai Ag1+, he iti noa ngā pūtau huakita i kitea, ā, he iti noa ngā pūtau huakita i kitea i raro. Ka taea te whakaaro ko ngā muka korara te hanganga kiko o te kiri poaka (Pikitia 2G). I muri i te maimoatanga ki te takai Ag1+ + EDTA/BC, i kitea ngā papa kitakita me ngā papa muka korara kei raro (Pikitia 2I).
Te tirohanga o te kiriata koiora Pseudomonas aeruginosa i muri i te maimoatanga hiriwa. (A–D) I tirohia te oranga o ngā huakita i roto i ngā kiriata koiora Pseudomonas aeruginosa i whakatipuria ki runga i te kiri poaka mā te whakamahi i te tae oranga PrestoBlue 24 hāora i muri i te maimoatanga me ngā takai hiriwa, ngā takai whakahaere kore-paturopi rānei. He māwhero ngā huakita ora, he kikorangi ngā huakita kore-ora, ā, he kikorangi te kiri poaka. (E) Te ine i ngā kiriata koiora Pseudomonas aeruginosa i whakatipuria ki runga i te kiri poaka (ira māwhero) mā te whakamahi i te karu hiko matawai Image Pro putanga 10 (FI) ā, i rongoatia ki te takai hiriwa, ki te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi rānei mō ngā hāora 24. Pae tauine SEM = 5 µm. (J–M) I tipu ngā kiriata koiora koroni i runga i ngā tātari, ā, i pania ki te tae tauhohenga PrestoBlue i muri i te 24 hāora o te whakatipu me ngā takai hiriwa.
Hei whakatau mēnā i pā te pā tata i waenga i ngā takai me ngā kiriata koiora ki te whai huatanga o ngā takai, ko ngā kiriata koiora koroni i whakatakotoria ki runga i te mata papatahi i rongoatia ki ngā takai mō ngā hāora 24, kātahi ka pania ki ngā tae tauhohe. He māwhero pouri te tae o te kiriata koiora kāore i rongoatia (Pikitia 2J). He rerekē ki ngā kiriata koiora i rongoatia ki ngā takai kei roto ngā tote Ag whai hāora (Pikitia 2K), ko ngā kiriata koiora i rongoatia ki ngā takai kei roto Ag1+, Ag1+ rānei + EDTA/BC i whakaatu i ngā whitiki tae māwhero (Pikitia 2L,M). Ko tēnei tae māwhero e tohu ana i te noho mai o ngā huakita ora, ā, e hono ana ki te wāhi tuitui i roto i te takai. Ka hangaia e ēnei wāhi tuitui he wāhi mate e āhei ai ngā huakita i roto i te kiriata koiora kia ora.
Hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ngā takai hiriwa i roto i te tinana ora, ko ngā patunga matotoru katoa o ngā kiore i pangia e te S. aureus pakeke me te P. aeruginosa i rongoatia ki ngā takai whakahaere kore-paturopi, ki ngā takai hiriwa rānei. I muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga, i whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga whakaahua makoropiko he iti ake ngā rahi o te patunga i te wā i rongoatia ai ki ngā takai tote hāora i whakaritea ki ngā takai whakahaere kore-paturopi me ētahi atu takai hiriwa (Pikitia 3A-H). Hei whakaū i ēnei kitenga, i kohia ngā patunga, ā, i inehia te horahanga o te patunga me te whakahounga o te epithelialization i runga i ngā wāhanga kiko kua pania ki te hematoxylin me te eosin mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa image pro putanga 10 (Pikitia 3I-L).
Te pānga o ngā takai hiriwa ki te mata o te patunga me te whakahounga o ngā kiriuhi o ngā patunga kua pangia e ngā kiriata koiora. (A–H) Ngā pūtau iti kua pangia e ngā kiriata koiora o Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A–D) me Staphylococcus aureus (E–H) i muri i ngā rā e toru o te maimoatanga me te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi, he takai tote Ag kua whakakīia ki te hāora, he takai Ag1+, me te takai Ag1+. Ngā whakaahua makoropiko e whakaatu ana. ngā patunga o ngā kiore me te takai Ag1+ + EDTA/BC. (IL) Te whakaatu i te mate Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ngā wāhanga histological kua pania ki te hematoxylin me te eosin, i whakamahia hei ine i te horahanga o te patunga me te whakahoutanga o te epithelial. Te ine i te horahanga o te patunga (M, O) me te ōrau whakahounga o ngā kiriuhi (N, P) o ngā patunga kua pangia e ngā kiriata koiora Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M, N) me Staphylococcus aureus (O, P) (mō ia rōpū maimoatanga n = 12). E whakaatu ana ngā kauwhata i te toharite +/- hapa paerewa. * ko te tikanga p = < 0.05 ** ko te tikanga p = < 0.01; Tauine makaro = 2.5 mm, tauine histological = 500 µm.
I whakaatuhia e te ine i te horahanga o te patunga i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te kiriata koiora Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pikitia 3M) ko ngā patunga i rongoatia ki te Ag oxysalts he rahi toharite o te patunga he 2.5 mm2, ko te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi he rahi toharite o te patunga he 3.1 mm2, ehara i te mea pono. i tae ki te hiranga tatauranga (Pikitia 3M). p = 0.423). Ko ngā patunga i rongoatia ki te Ag1+, Ag1+ rānei + EDTA/BC kāore i whakaatu i te whakahekenga o te horahanga o te patunga (3.1 mm2 me te 3.6 mm2, ia). Ko te maimoatanga ki te takai tote Ag hāora i whakatairanga i te whakahounga o te epithelialization ki te whānuitanga nui atu i te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi (34% me te 15%, ia; p = 0.029) me te Ag1+, Ag1+ rānei + EDTA/BC (10% me te 11%) (Pikitia 3N). . , ia).
I kitea ngā au o te horahanga patunga me te whakaoranga epithelial i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te biofilms S. aureus (Pikitia 3O). Nā ngā takai kei roto ngā tote hiriwa hāora i whakaiti i te horahanga patunga (2.0 mm2) mā te 23% ki te whakataurite ki te takai kore-paturopi mana (2.6 mm2), ahakoa kāore i tino nui tēnei whakahekenga (p = 0.304) (Pikitia 3O). Hei tāpiri, i paku whakaitihia te horahanga patunga i roto i te rōpū maimoatanga Ag1+ (2.4 mm2), ko te patunga i rongoatia ki te takai Ag1+ + EDTA/BC kāore i whakaiti i te horahanga patunga (2.9 mm2). I whakatairangahia hoki e ngā tote hāora o Ag te whakaora anō i ngā epithelialization o ngā patunga i pangia e te biofilm S. aureus (31%) ki te whānuitanga nui atu i ērā i rongoatia ki ngā takai whakahaere kore-paturopi (12%, p = 0.003) (Pikitia 3P). I whakaatuhia e te takai Ag1+ (16%, p = 0.903) me te takai Ag+1 + EDTA/BC (14%, p = 0.965) ngā taumata o te whakaoranga epithelial e rite ana ki te mana whakahaere.
Hei tiro i te pānga o ngā takai hiriwa ki te matihiko biofilm, i mahia te tae iodide Toto 1 me Syto 60 (Pikitia 4). Ko te iodide Toto 1 he tae ātete-pūtau ka taea te whakamahi hei tiro tika i ngā waikawa karihi o waho o te pūtau, he nui i roto i te EPS o ngā biofilm. Ko te Syto 60 he tae ātete-pūtau e whakamahia ana hei tohu anō16. Ko ngā kitenga o te iodide Toto 1 me Syto 60 i roto i ngā patunga i werohia ki ngā biofilm o Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pikitia 4A-D) me Staphylococcus aureus (Pikitia 4I-L) i whakaatu i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga takai, kua tino heke te EPS i roto i te biofilm. kei roto ko ngā tote hāora Ag me Ag1+ + EDTA/BC. Ko ngā takai Ag1+ kāore he wāhanga paturopi tāpiri i whakaiti i te DNA kore-pūtau i roto i ngā patunga i werohia ki te Pseudomonas aeruginosa engari he iti ake te whai huatanga i roto i ngā patunga i werohia ki te Staphylococcus aureus.
Whakaahua in vivo o te kiriata patunga i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga me ngā takai mana, ngā takai hiriwa rānei. Ngā whakaahua huna o Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A–D) me Staphylococcus aureus (I–L) i pania ki te Toto 1 (kakariki) hei tiro i ngā waikawa karihi o waho o te pūtau, he wāhanga o ngā pūmua kiriata koiora o waho o te pūtau. Hei pania ngā waikawa karihi o roto o te pūtau, whakamahia te Syto 60 (whero). ngā waikawa. P. Te karu hiko matawai o ngā patunga kua pangia e ngā kiriata koiora Pseudomonas aeruginosa (E–H) me Staphylococcus aureus (M–P) i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga me ngā takai mana me ngā takai hiriwa. Pae tauine SEM = 5 µm. Pae tauine whakaahua huna = 50 µm.
I whakaatuhia e te karuārai hiko matawai he iti ake te huakita i roto i ngā patunga o ngā kiore i werohia ki ngā koroni biofilm o Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pikitia 4E-H) me Staphylococcus aureus (Pikitia 4M-P) i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga me ngā takai hiriwa katoa.
Hei aromatawai i te pānga o ngā takai hiriwa ki te mumura o te patunga i roto i ngā kiore i pangia e te biofilm, ko ngā wāhanga o ngā patunga i pangia e te biofilm i rongoatia ki ngā takai mana, ki ngā takai hiriwa rānei mō ngā rā e 3 i pania ki te immunohistochemical ma te whakamahi i ngā antibodies motuhake mō ngā neutrophils me ngā macrophages. Te whakatau tauanga o ngā neutrophils me ngā macrophages i roto. kiko granulation. Pikitia 5). I whakaitihia e ngā takai hiriwa katoa te maha o ngā neutrophils me ngā macrophages i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te Pseudomonas aeruginosa ki te whakataurite ki ngā takai mana kore-antimicrobial i muri i ngā rā e toru o te maimoatanga. Heoi, ko te maimoatanga ki te takai tote hiriwa kua whakakīia ki te hāora i hua ake ai he whakahekenga nui ake o ngā neutrophils (p = <0.0001) me ngā macrophages (p = <0.0001) ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu takai hiriwa i whakamatautauria (Pikitia 5I,J). Ahakoa he nui ake te pānga o te Ag1+ + EDTA/BC ki te biofilm patunga, i whakaitihia e ia ngā taumata neutrophil me te macrophage ki te iti iho i te takai Ag1+. I kitea anō hoki ngā patunga ngawari i pangia e te kiriata koiora S. aureus i muri i te whakakakahu ki ngā oxisol Ag (p = <0.0001), Ag1+ (p = 0.0008) me Ag1++ EDTA/BC (p = 0.0043) ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere. He rite anō ngā au e kitea ana mō te neutropenia. He takai (Pikitia 5K). Heoi, ko te takai tote Ag whai hāora anake i whakaatu i te whakahekenga nui o te maha o ngā macrophages i roto i te kiko granulation ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e ngā kiriata koiora S. aureus (p = 0.0339) (Pikitia 5L).
I tauahia ngā neutrophil me ngā macrophage i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te Pseudomonas aeruginosa me te Staphylococcus aureus biofilms i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga me te mana whakahaere kore-paturopi, te hiriwa rānei. I tauahia ngā neutrophil (AD) me ngā macrophage (EH) i roto i ngā wāhanga kiko i pania ki ngā paturopi motuhake mō ngā neutrophil, macrophage rānei. Te tauanga o ngā neutrophil (I me K) me ngā macrophage (J me L) i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te Pseudomonas aeruginosa (I me J) me te Staphylococcus aureus (K & L) biofilms. N = 12 mō ia rōpū. E whakaatu ana ngā kauwhata i te toharite +/- hapa paerewa, ngā uara hiranga ki te whakataurite ki te kakahu whakahaere kore-paturopi, * te tikanga p = < 0.05, ** te tikanga p = < 0.01; *** te tikanga p = < 0.001; e tohu ana i te p = < 0.0001).
I muri mai ka arotakehia e mātou te pānga o ngā takai hiriwa ki te whakaora kore-mate. Ko ngā patunga tapahi kāore i pangia i rongoatia ki te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi, ki te takai hiriwa rānei mō ngā rā e 3 (Pikitia 6). I roto i ngā takai hiriwa i whakamatautauria, ko ngā patunga anake i rongoatia ki te takai tote hāora i iti ake i ngā whakaahua makorokoro i ngā patunga i rongoatia ki te mana (Pikitia 6A-D). Ko te ine i te horahanga o te patunga mā te whakamahi i te tātaritanga histological i whakaatu ko te horahanga patunga toharite i muri i te maimoatanga ki te takai Ag oxysols he 2.35 mm2 ki te 2.96 mm2 mō ngā patunga i rongoatia ki te rōpū whakahaere, engari kāore tēnei rerekētanga i eke ki te hiranga tatauranga (p = 0.488) (Pikitia 6I). He rerekē, kāore i kitea he whakahekenga o te horahanga patunga i muri i te maimoatanga ki te takai Ag1+ (3.38 mm2, p = 0.757) Ag1+ + EDTA/BC (4.18 mm2, p = 0.054) rānei ki te rōpū whakahaere. I kitea te pikinga o te whakaoranga epithelial me te whakakakahu Ag oxysol ki te rōpū whakahaere (30% vs. 22%, ia), ahakoa kāore tēnei i eke ki te hiranga (p = 0.067), he tino hiranga tēnei, ā, e whakaū ana i ngā hua o mua. Ka whakatairangahia e te whakakakahu me ngā oxysols te whakahounga epithelial. -Te whakahounga epithelial o ngā patunga kāore i pangia17. He rerekē, kāore he pānga o te maimoatanga me ngā whakakakahu Ag1+, Ag1+ + EDTA/BC rānei, i whakaatu rānei i te hekenga o te whakahounga epithelial i te whakataurite ki te rōpū whakahaere.
Te pānga o te takai patunga hiriwa ki te whakaora patunga i roto i ngā kiore kāore i pangia me te tango katoa. (AD) Ngā whakaahua makarohiko whakaatu o ngā patunga i muri i ngā rā e toru o te maimoatanga me te takai whakahaere kore-paturopi me te takai hiriwa. (EH) Ngā wāhanga patunga whakaatu i pania ki te hematoxylin me te eosin. I tatauhia te ine i te horahanga patunga (I) me te ōrau o te whakahounga epithelialization (J) mai i ngā wāhanga histological i waenganui o te patunga mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa tātari whakaahua (n = 11–12 mō ia rōpū maimoatanga). E whakaatu ana ngā kauwhata i te toharite +/- hapa paerewa. * te tikanga p = <0.05.
He roa te whakamahinga o te hiriwa hei rongoā patu huakita i roto i te whakaora patunga, engari ko ngā momo whakatakotoranga me ngā tikanga tuku ka rerekē pea te whai huatanga o te patu huakita 18. Heoi anō, kāore anō kia tino mārama ngā āhuatanga paturopi kiriata o ngā pūnaha tuku hiriwa motuhake. Ahakoa he pai te urupare a te ārai mate o te tangata ki ngā huakita planktonic, he iti ake te whai huatanga ki ngā biofilms19. Ka taea e ngā macrophages te whakapūpū i ngā huakita planktonic, engari i roto i ngā biofilms, ka puta he raruraru anō i roto i ngā pūtau kua whakakotahi mā te whakawhāiti i te urupare a te tangata ki te taumata ka taea e ngā pūtau ārai mate te apoptosis me te tuku i ngā āhuatanga mumura hei whakarei ake i te urupare ārai mate20. Kua kitea ka taea e ētahi leukocyte te uru ki ngā biofilms21 engari kāore e taea te whakapūpū i ngā huakita ina ngoikore tēnei parenga22. Me whakamahi he huarahi whānui hei tautoko i te urupare ārai mate o te tangata ki te mate biofilm patunga. Ka taea e te tango i te patunga te whakararuraru tinana i te biofilm me te tango i te nuinga o te taumahatanga koiora, engari kāore pea te urupare ārai mate o te tangata e whai hua ki te biofilm e toe ana, inā koa mēnā ka ngoikore te urupare ārai mate o te tangata. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā rongoā patu huakita pēnei i ngā takai hiriwa te tautoko i te urupare ārai mate o te tinana me te whakakore i ngā mate biofilm. Ka taea e te hanganga, te kukū, te wairewa, me te matū tuku te awe i te whai huatanga patu huakita o te hiriwa. I ngā tau tata nei, kua pai ake te whai huatanga o ēnei takai i roto i ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau tukatuka hiriwa9,23. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau takai hiriwa, he mea nui kia mārama ki te whai huatanga o ēnei takai ki te whakahaere i te mate patunga, me te mea nui ake, te pānga o ēnei momo hiriwa kaha ki te taiao patunga me te whakaora.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaritea e mātou te whai huatanga o ngā takai hiriwa matatau e rua ki ngā takai hiriwa tuku iho e whakaputa ana i ngā iona Ag1+ ki ngā kiriata koiora mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira in vitro me in vivo rerekē. I aromatawaihia hoki e mātou te pānga o ēnei takai ki te taiao patunga me te whakaora kore-mate. Hei whakaiti i te awe o te matrix tuku, ko ngā takai hiriwa katoa i whakamatautauria he mea hanga ki te carboxymethylcellulose.
Ko tā mātou aromatawai tuatahi i ēnei whakakakahu hiriwa ki ngā kiriata koiora koroni o Pseudomonas aeruginosa me Staphylococcus aureus e whakaatu ana, he rerekē ki ngā whakakakahu Ag1+ tuku iho, e rua ngā whakakakahu hiriwa matatau, Ag1+ + EDTA/BC me ngā tote Ag hāora, he whai hua i te 5. Ka patu pai i ngā huakita kiriata koiora i roto i ngā rā torutoru. Hei tāpiri, ka ārai ēnei whakakakahu i te hanganga anō o te kiriata koiora i te wā e tūpono ana ki ngā huakita planktonic. Kei roto i te whakakakahu Ag1+ te hiriwa pūhaumāota, te matū hiriwa me te matrix turanga rite ki te Ag1+ + EDTA/BC, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki te oranga o ngā huakita i roto i te kiriata koiora i roto i taua wā anō. Ko te kitenga he pai ake te whai hua o te whakakakahu Ag1+ + EDTA/BC ki te kiriata koiora i te whakakakahu Ag1+ kei roto ko te matrix kotahi me te matū hiriwa e tautoko ana i te whakaaro me tāpiri atu ngā kai hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te hiriwa pūhaumāota ki te kiriata koiora, e ai ki ngā pūrongo i hea atu15. E tautoko ana ēnei hua i te whakaaro he mahi anō tā BC me EDTA e whai wāhi ana ki te whai huatanga o te takai whānui, ā, ko te korenga o tēnei wāhanga i roto i ngā takai Ag1+ tērā pea i whai wāhi ki te korenga o te whakaatu i te whai huatanga in vitro. I kitea e mātou ko ngā takai tote Ag kua whakakīia ki te hāora e whakaputa ana i ngā katote Ag2+ me Ag3+ i whakaatu i te kaha ake o te whai huatanga patu huakita i te Ag1+, ā, i ngā taumata rite ki te Ag1+ + EDTA/BC. Heoi, nā te kaha redox teitei, kāore i te mārama te roa o te noho kaha me te whai huatanga o ngā katote Ag3+ ki ngā biofilm patunga, nō reira me rangahau anō. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā momo takai e whakaputa ana i ngā katote Ag1+ kāore i whakamatautauria i roto i tēnei rangahau. He mea tito ēnei takai i ngā matū hiriwa rerekē, ngā kukū, me ngā matrices turanga, ka pā pea ki te tukunga o ngā katote Ag1+ me tō rātou whai huatanga ki ngā biofilm. He mea nui hoki kia mōhio he maha ngā tauira in vitro me in vivo rerekē e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ngā takai patunga ki ngā biofilm. Ko te momo tauira e whakamahia ana, me te ihirangi tote me te pūmua o te pāpāho e whakamahia ana i roto i ēnei tauira, ka pā ki te whai huatanga o te takai. I roto i tā mātou tauira in vivo, i tukuna e mātou te kiriata koiora kia pakari i roto i te vitro, kātahi ka whakawhitia ki te mata kiri o te patunga. He tino whai hua te urupare ārai mate o te kiore manaaki ki ngā huakita planktonic e whakamahia ana ki te patunga, ā, ka hangaia he kiriata koiora i te wā e ora ana te patunga. Mā te tāpiri i te kiriata koiora pakeke ki te patunga ka whakawhāiti i te whai huatanga o te urupare ārai mate manaaki ki te hanganga kiriata koiora mā te tuku i te kiriata koiora pakeke kia noho ki roto i te patunga i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakaora. Nō reira, mā tā mātou tauira ka taea e mātou te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ngā takai antimicrobial ki ngā kiriata koiora pakeke i mua i te tīmatanga o te ora o ngā patunga.
I kitea anō hoki e mātou he pānga te taunga o te takai ki te whai huatanga o ngā takai hiriwa ki ngā kiriata koiora i whakatipuria i roto i te vitro me te kiri poaka. Ko te pā tata ki te patunga he mea nui mō te whai huatanga o te takai ki te patu huakita24,25. Ko ngā takai kei roto ngā tote Ag kua whakakīia ki te hāora i pā tata ki ngā kiriata koiora kua pakeke, ā, i hua ake ai he whakahekenga nui o te maha o ngā huakita ora i roto i te kiriata koiora i muri i ngā hāora 24. He rerekē, i te wā i rongoatia ai ki ngā takai Ag1+ me Ag1+ + EDTA/BC, he maha tonu ngā huakita ora i toe. Kei roto i ēnei takai he tuitui i te roanga katoa o te takai, e hanga ana i ngā wāhi mate e ārai ana i te pā tata ki te kiriata koiora. I roto i ā mātou rangahau i roto i te vitro, i ārai ēnei wāhi kore-pā i te patunga o ngā huakita ora i roto i te kiriata koiora. I aromatawaihia e mātou te ora o ngā huakita i muri i ngā hāora 24 o te maimoatanga; I roto i te wā, i te mea ka nui haere te mākū o te takai, tera pea ka iti ake te wāhi mate, ka whakaiti i te wāhi mō ēnei huakita ora. Heoi, e whakaatu ana tēnei i te hiranga o te hanganga o te takai, ehara i te momo hiriwa anake i roto i te takai.
Ahakoa he pai ngā rangahau in vitro mō te whakataurite i te whai huatanga o ngā hangarau hiriwa rerekē, he mea nui hoki kia mārama ki ngā pānga o ēnei takai ki ngā kiriata koiora i roto i te tinana ora, kei reira ngā urupare kiko me te ārai mate e whai wāhi ana ki te whai huatanga o ngā takai ki ngā kiriata koiora. I kitea te pānga o ēnei takai ki ngā kiriata koiora patunga mā te whakamahi i te karuārai hiko matawai me te tae EPS o te kiriata koiora mā te whakamahi i ngā tae DNA ā-roto me ā-waho. I kitea e mātou i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga, he whai hua ngā takai katoa ki te whakaiti i te DNA kore-pūtau i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te kiriata koiora, engari he iti ake te whai huatanga o te takai Ag1+ i roto i ngā patunga i pangia e te Staphylococcus aureus. I whakaatuhia hoki e te karuārai hiko matawai he iti ake te huakita i roto i ngā patunga i rongoatia ki ngā takai hiriwa, ahakoa he nui ake te kitea o tēnei me te takai tote Ag whai hāora me te takai Ag1+ + EDTA/BC ki te takai Ag1+. E whakaatu ana ēnei raraunga he rerekē ngā taumata pānga o ngā takai hiriwa i whakamatautauria ki te hanganga kiriata koiora, engari kāore i taea e tētahi o ngā takai hiriwa te whakakore i te kiriata koiora, e tautoko ana i te hiahia mō tētahi huarahi whānui ki te maimoatanga o ngā mate kiriata koiora patunga; te whakamahi i ngā here ringaringa hiriwa. Ko te tango i te nuinga o te kiriata koiora ka mahia i mua i te maimoatanga.
He maha ngā wā ka mumura rawa ngā patunga mau tonu, me te nui rawa o ngā pūtau mumura e toe ana i roto i te kiko patunga mō te wā roa, ka pakaru te kiko, ka whakaiti i te hāora e hiahiatia ana mō te pākia pai o te pūtau me te mahi i roto i te patunga26. Ka whakanui ake ngā kiriata koiora i tēnei taiao patunga kino mā te pā kino ki te whakaora i roto i ngā huarahi maha, tae atu ki te aukati i te tipu me te hekenga o ngā pūtau me te whakahohenga o ngā cytokine proinflammatory27. I te mea ka kaha ake te whai hua o ngā takai hiriwa, he mea nui kia mārama ki te pānga ki te taiao patunga me te whakaora.
He mea whakamīharo, ahakoa i pāngia te hanganga o te kiriata koiora e ngā takai hiriwa katoa, ko ngā takai tote hiriwa whai hāora anake i whakapiki i te whakahounga o ngā kiriuhi o ēnei patunga pangia. E tautoko ana ēnei raraunga i ā mātou kitenga o mua17 me ērā a Kalan et al. (2017)28, i whakaatu i ngā kōtaha haumaru me te paitini pai o ngā tote hiriwa whai hāora, nā te mea he iti ake te kukū o te hiriwa i whai hua ki ngā kiriata koiora.
E whakaatu ana tā mātou rangahau o nāianei i ngā rerekētanga o te hangarau hiriwa i waenga i ngā takai hiriwa paturopi me te pānga o tēnei hangarau ki te taiao patunga me te whakaora kore-mate. Heoi, he rerekē ēnei hua i ngā rangahau o mua e whakaatu ana i te whakapai ake o te takai Ag1+ + EDTA/BC i ngā tawhā whakaora o ngā taringa rāpeti whara i roto i te tinana ora. Heoi, tera pea nā ngā rerekētanga o ngā tauira kararehe, ngā wā ine, me ngā tikanga tono kitakita29. I tēnei take, i tangohia ngā ine patunga 12 ngā rā i muri i te whara kia taea ai e ngā matū hohe o te takai te mahi ki te kiriata koiora mō te wā roa. E tautokona ana tēnei e tētahi rangahau i whakaatu ko ngā mate pukupuku waewae i pangia e te mate haumanu i rongoatia ki te Ag1+ + EDTA/BC i te tīmatanga i piki ake te rahi i muri i te wiki kotahi o te maimoatanga, kātahi i roto i ngā wiki e 3 e whai ake nei o te maimoatanga ki te Ag1+ + EDTA/BC me roto i ngā wiki e 4 o te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā kore-paturopi. takai CMC hei whakaiti i te rahi o ngā mate pukupuku30.
Kua whakaaturia i mua ko ētahi momo me ngā kukū o te hiriwa he paitini pūtau i roto i te vitro 11, engari kāore ēnei hua i roto i te vitro e puta tonu mai he pānga kino i roto i te tinana ora. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau hiriwa me te māramatanga pai ake ki ngā pūhui hiriwa me ngā kukū i roto i ngā takai kua arahi ki te whanaketanga o te maha o ngā takai hiriwa haumaru me te whai hua. Heoi, i te whanaketanga o te hangarau takai hiriwa, he mea nui kia mārama ki te pānga o ēnei takai ki te taiao patunga31,32,33. I pūrongohia i mua ko te pikinga o te tere o te whakahounga anō e rite ana ki te pikinga o te ōwehenga o ngā macrophage M2 anti-inflammatory ki te phenotype M1 pro-inflammatory. I kitea tēnei i roto i tētahi tauira kiore o mua i reira i whakaritea ai ngā takai patunga hydrogel hiriwa ki te sulfadiazine hiriwa me ngā hydrogel kore-antimicrobial34.
Tērā pea ka nui rawa te mumura o ngā patunga mau tonu, ā, kua kitea ko te nui o ngā neutrophil ka pā kino ki te whakaora patunga35. I roto i tētahi rangahau i roto i ngā kiore kua pau te neutrophil, ko te nui o ngā neutrophil ka whakaroa i te whakahounga o te epithelialization. Ko te nui o ngā neutrophil ka hua ake he taumata tiketike o ngā protease me ngā momo hāora tauhohe, pērā i te superoxide me te hauwai peroxide, e pā ana ki ngā patunga mau tonu me te puhoi te whakaora37,38. Waihoki, ko te pikinga o ngā tau macrophage, ki te kore e whakahaeretia, ka taea te whakaroa i te whakaora patunga39. He mea nui tēnei pikinga mēnā kāore e taea e ngā macrophage te neke mai i te momo mumura-whakatairanga ki te momo whakaora-whakatairanga, ka hua ake ko ngā patunga kāore e puta i te wāhanga mumura o te whakaora40. I kite mātou i te hekenga o ngā neutrophil me ngā macrophage i roto i ngā patunga kua pangia e te biofilm i muri i ngā rā e 3 o te maimoatanga me ngā takai hiriwa katoa, engari i tino kitea te hekenga me ngā takai tote hāora. Tērā pea he hua tika tēnei hekenga nā te urupare ārai mate ki te hiriwa, he urupare ki te hekenga o te taumahatanga koiora, kei te wāhanga whakaora rānei o muri mai o te patunga, nō reira kua whakaitihia ngā pūtau ārai mate i roto i te patunga. Mā te whakaiti i te maha o ngā pūtau mumura i roto i te patunga ka taea te pupuri i tētahi taiao e pai ana mō te whakaora patunga. Kāore i te mārama te tikanga mahi a ngā Ag oxysalts ki te whakatairanga i te whakaora kore-mate, engari ko te kaha o ngā Ag oxysalts ki te whakaputa hāora me te whakangaro i ngā taumata kino o te hauwai waikura, he takawaenga o te mumura, tera pea ka whakamārama i tēnei, ā, me whai rangahau anō17.
He raruraru ngā patunga mate mau tonu kāore e ora ana mō ngā tākuta me ngā tūroro. Ahakoa he maha ngā takai e kī ana he whai huatanga patu huakita, he onge te aro o ngā rangahau ki ētahi atu mea matua e pā ana ki te taiao moroiti o te patunga. E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau he rerekē te whai huatanga patu huakita o ngā hangarau hiriwa rerekē, ā, he mea nui, he rerekē ngā pānga ki te taiao patunga me te whakaora, ahakoa te mate. Ahakoa e whakaatu ana ēnei rangahau in vitro me in vivo i te whai huatanga o ēnei takai ki te rongoā i ngā mate patunga me te whakatairanga i te whakaora, me whai whakamātautau matapōkere hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ēnei takai i roto i te whare hauora.
Kei te wātea mai i te kaituhi e pā ana ngā huinga raraunga i whakamahia, i tātarihia rānei i te wā o te rangahau o nāianei, mēnā he tono tika.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-15-2024