He mea nui te aromatawai i te marautanga me ngā kaiako mō ngā whare wānanga katoa o te mātauranga teitei, tae atu ki ngā kura hauora. Ko ngā aromatawai a ngā ākonga mō te whakaako (SET) he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei pātai ingoamuna, ā, ahakoa i whakawhanakehia i te tuatahi hei aromatawai i ngā akoranga me ngā kaupapa, i roto i te wā kua whakamahia hoki hei ine i te whai huatanga o te whakaako, ā, muri iho ka whakatau i ngā whakataunga nui e pā ana ki te whakaako. Te whakawhanaketanga ngaio kaiako. Heoi, tera pea ētahi āhuatanga me ngā whakaaro pāpouri ka pā ki ngā kaute SET, ā, kāore e taea te ine i te whai huatanga o te whakaako i runga i te whakaaro tika. Ahakoa kua whakapumautia ngā tuhinga mō te aromatawai akoranga me ngā kaiako i roto i te mātauranga teitei whānui, kei reira ngā āwangawanga mō te whakamahi i ngā taputapu kotahi hei aromatawai i ngā akoranga me ngā kaiako i roto i ngā kaupapa hauora. Ina koa, kāore e taea te whakamahi tika i te SET i roto i te mātauranga teitei whānui ki te hoahoa me te whakatinanatanga o te marautanga i roto i ngā kura hauora. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei arotake he tirohanga whānui mō te whakapai ake i te SET i ngā taumata taputapu, whakahaere, me te whakamaoritanga. Hei tāpiri, e tohu ana tēnei tuhinga mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē pēnei i te arotake hoa, ngā rōpū arotahi, me te aromatawai-whaiaro hei kohikohi me te whakarōpū i ngā raraunga mai i ngā puna maha, tae atu ki ngā ākonga, ngā hoa, ngā kaiwhakahaere kaupapa, me te mōhiotanga-whaiaro, ka taea te hanga i tētahi pūnaha aromatawai whānui. Te ine tika i te whai huatanga o te whakaako, te tautoko i te whanaketanga ngaio o ngā kaiako hauora, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te whakaako i roto i te mātauranga hauora.
Ko te aromatawai akoranga me te kaupapa he tukanga whakahaere kounga ā-roto i roto i ngā whare wānanga katoa o te mātauranga teitei, tae atu ki ngā kura hauora. Ko te Aromatawai Ākonga i te Whakaakoranga (SET) he tikanga he pepa ingoakore, he pātai ipurangi rānei e whakamahi ana i tētahi tauine whakatauranga pēnei i te tauine Likert (e rima, e whitu, neke atu rānei) e āhei ai te tangata ki te tohu i tō rātou whakaae, i te taumata whakaae rānei. Kāore au e whakaae ki ngā kōrero motuhake) [1,2,3]. Ahakoa i whakawhanakehia tuatahitia ngā SET hei aromatawai i ngā akoranga me ngā kaupapa, i roto i te wā kua whakamahia hoki hei ine i te whai huatanga o te whakaako [4, 5, 6]. E kiia ana he mea nui te whai huatanga o te whakaako nā te mea e whakaarohia ana he whanaungatanga pai i waenga i te whai huatanga o te whakaako me te ako a te ākonga [7]. Ahakoa kāore ngā tuhinga e whakamārama mārama ana i te whai huatanga o te whakangungu, he tikanga ka tohua mā roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te whakangungu, pēnei i te "taunekeneke rōpū", "te whakarite me te whakaritenga", "te urupare ki ngā ākonga" [8].
Mā ngā mōhiohio i riro mai i te SET ka taea te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio whai hua, pēnei i te hiahia kia whakarerekētia ngā rauemi whakaako, ngā tikanga whakaako rānei e whakamahia ana i roto i tētahi akoranga. Ka whakamahia hoki te SET hei whakatau i ngā whakataunga nui e pā ana ki te whakawhanaketanga ngaio kaiako [4,5,6]. Heoi, he ruarua te tika o tēnei huarahi ina whakatau ngā whare wānanga teitei mō ngā kaiako, pēnei i te whakatairanga ki ngā tūranga mātauranga teitei ake (he maha ngā wā e pā ana ki te tūranga matua me te pikinga utu) me ngā tūranga whakahaere matua i roto i te whare wānanga [4, 9]. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia e ngā whare wānanga ngā kaiako hou kia whakauru i ngā SET mai i ngā whare wānanga o mua ki roto i ā rātou tono mō ngā tūranga hou, ā, ka pāngia e tēnei, ehara i te mea ko ngā whakatairanga kaiako anake i roto i te whare wānanga, engari ko ngā kaitukumahi hou pea [10].
Ahakoa kua tino whakapumautia ngā tuhinga mō te marautanga me te aromatawai a ngā kaiako i roto i te ao mātauranga whānui, kāore tēnei i te āhua i roto i te ao rongoā me te tiaki hauora [11]. He rerekē te marautanga me ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakaako hauora i ērā o te ao mātauranga whānui. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te ako ā-rōpū i roto i ngā akoranga mātauranga hauora whakauru. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te marautanga kura hauora he raupapa akoranga e whakaakona ana e te maha o ngā mema kaiako he whakangungu me te wheako i roto i ngā momo kaupapa hauora. Ahakoa ka whai hua ngā ākonga i te mōhiotanga hohonu o ngā tohunga i roto i te ao i raro i tēnei hanganga, he maha ngā wā ka tūtaki rātou ki te wero o te urutau ki ngā momo momo whakaakoranga a ia kaiako [1, 12, 13, 14].
Ahakoa he rerekētanga i waenga i te mātauranga whānui me te mātauranga hauora, ko te SET e whakamahia ana i roto i te tuatahi ka whakamahia anō hoki i ētahi wā i roto i ngā akoranga rongoā me te tiaki hauora. Heoi, he maha ngā wero o te whakatinanatanga o te SET i roto i te mātauranga whānui e pā ana ki te marautanga me te aromatawai kaiako i roto i ngā kaupapa ngaio hauora [11]. Ina koa, nā te rerekētanga o ngā tikanga whakaako me ngā tohu kaiako, kāore pea ngā hua aromatawai akoranga e whakauru i ngā whakaaro o ngā ākonga mō ngā kaiako katoa, mō ngā akomanga rānei. E kī ana te rangahau a Uytenhaage rāua ko O'Neill (2015) [5] he mea kāore pea i te tika te tono i ngā ākonga ki te aromatawai i ngā kaiako takitahi katoa i te mutunga o te akoranga nā te mea he tata kore e taea e ngā ākonga te maumahara me te tuku kōrero mō ngā whakatauranga kaiako maha. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā kaiako mātauranga hauora he tākuta anō hoki e whai wāhi ana te whakaako ki a rātou he wāhanga iti noa iho o ā rātou kawenga [15, 16]. Nā te mea ko te tiaki tūroro te kaupapa matua, ā, i roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ko te rangahau, he iti noa iho te wā hei whakawhanake i ā rātou pūkenga whakaako. Heoi, me whiwhi ngā tākuta hei kaiako i te wā, te tautoko, me ngā urupare hanga mai i ā rātou whakahaere [16].
Ko ngā ākonga hauora he hunga hihiri, he hunga mahi nui, ā, ka angitu te whakaurunga ki te kura hauora (mā te tukanga whakataetae me te tono nui o te ao). Hei tāpiri, i te wā o te kura hauora, e tumanakohia ana kia whiwhi ngā ākonga hauora i te nui o te mātauranga me te whakawhanake i te maha o ngā pūkenga i roto i te wā poto, me te angitu hoki i roto i ngā aromatawai ā-roto me te motu whānui [17,18,19,20]. Nō reira, nā te teitei o ngā paerewa e tumanakohia ana mai i ngā ākonga hauora, tera pea ka nui ake te arohaehae o ngā ākonga hauora, ā, he nui ake ā rātou tumanakohanga mō te whakaakoranga kounga teitei i ngā ākonga i roto i ētahi atu kaupapa. Nō reira, tera pea he iti ake ngā whakatauranga a ngā ākonga hauora mai i ā rātou ahorangi ki ngā ākonga i roto i ētahi atu kaupapa mō ngā take kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei. He mea whakamīharo, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau o mua he whanaungatanga pai i waenga i te hihiri o ngā ākonga me ngā aromatawai kaiako takitahi [21]. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā tau 20 kua pahure ake nei, kua whakauruhia te nuinga o ngā marautanga kura hauora huri noa i te ao [22], kia whai wāhi ai ngā ākonga ki te mahi haumanu mai i ngā tau tōmua o tā rātou kaupapa. Nō reira, i roto i ngā tau kua taha ake nei, kua piki haere te whai wāhi a ngā tākuta ki te mātauranga o ngā ākonga hauora, me te tautoko, ahakoa i te tīmatanga o ā rātou kaupapa, i te hiranga o te whakawhanake i ngā SET e hāngai ana ki ngā taupori kaiako motuhake [22].
Nā te āhua motuhake o te mātauranga hauora kua whakahuatia ake nei, me whakarerekē ngā SET e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i ngā akoranga mātauranga teitei whānui e whakaakona ana e tētahi kaiako kotahi kia aromatawai i te marautanga whakauru me te kaiako haumanu o ngā kaupapa hauora [14]. Nō reira, me whakawhanake he tauira SET whai hua ake me ngā pūnaha aromatawai whānui kia whai hua ake ai te whakamahinga i roto i te mātauranga hauora.
E whakaahua ana te arotake o nāianei i ngā whanaketanga hou o te whakamahinga o te SET i roto i te mātauranga teitei (whānui) me ōna herenga, kātahi ka whakarārangihia ngā hiahia maha o te SET mō ngā akoranga mātauranga hauora me ngā kaiako. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei arotake he whakahōutanga mō te whakapai ake i te SET i ngā taumata taputapu, whakahaere me te whakamaori, ā, ka arotahi ki ngā whāinga o te whakawhanake i ngā tauira SET whai hua me ngā pūnaha aromatawai whānui e ine pai ana i te whai huatanga o te whakaako, e tautoko ana i te whanaketanga o ngā kaiwhakaako hauora ngaio me te Whakapai ake i te kounga o te whakaako i roto i te mātauranga hauora.
E whai ana tēnei rangahau i te rangahau a Green et al. (2006) [23] mō ngā tohutohu me Baumeister (2013) [24] mō ngā tohutohu mō te tuhi arotake kōrero. I whakatau mātou ki te tuhi i tētahi arotake kōrero mō tēnei kaupapa nā te mea ka āwhina tēnei momo arotake ki te whakaatu i tētahi tirohanga whānui mō te kaupapa. Heoi anō, nā te mea e ahu mai ana ngā arotake kōrero i ngā rangahau kanorau o ngā tikanga, ka āwhina i te whakautu i ngā pātai whānui. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā kōrero kōrero te āwhina i te whakaoho i te whakaaro me te kōrero mō tētahi kaupapa.
Me pēhea te whakamahinga o te SET i roto i te mātauranga hauora, ā, he aha ngā wero ki te whakataurite ki te SET e whakamahia ana i roto i te mātauranga teitei whānui?
I rapua ngā pātengi raraunga Pubmed me ERIC mā te whakamahi i te huinga o ngā kupu rapu "aromatawai whakaako ākonga," "whai huatanga whakaako," "mātauranga hauora," "mātauranga teitei," "aromatawai marautanga me ngā kaiako," me ngā tuhinga mō te Peer Review 2000, ngā kaiwhakahaere arorau. i whakaputaina i waenga i te tau 2021 me te tau 2021. Ngā paearu whakauru: Ko ngā rangahau i whakaurua he rangahau taketake, he tuhinga arotake rānei, ā, he mea hāngai ngā rangahau ki ngā wāhanga o ngā pātai rangahau matua e toru. Ngā paearu whakakore: Ko ngā rangahau ehara i te reo Pākehā, i ngā rangahau rānei kāore i kitea he tuhinga tuhinga katoa, kāore rānei i hāngai ki ngā pātai rangahau matua e toru, i tangohia mai i te tuhinga arotake o nāianei. Whai muri i te whiriwhiri i ngā whakaputanga, i whakarōpūtia ki ngā kaupapa e whai ake nei me ngā kaupapa iti e pā ana: (a) Te whakamahinga o te SET i roto i te mātauranga teitei whānui me ōna herenga, (b) Te whakamahinga o te SET i roto i te mātauranga hauora me tōna pānga ki te aro ki ngā take e pā ana ki te whakataurite i te SET (c) Te whakapai ake i te SET i ngā taumata taputapu, whakahaere me te whakamaori hei whakawhanake i ngā tauira SET whai hua.
Kei te Whakaahua 1 tētahi tūtohi rere o ngā tuhinga kua tīpakohia kua whakaurua, kua matapakihia hoki i te wāhanga o nāianei o te arotake.
Kua whakamahia whānuitia te SET i roto i te mātauranga teitei, ā, kua rangahaua pai te kaupapa nei i roto i ngā tuhinga [10, 21]. Heoi, he maha ngā rangahau kua tirotiro i ō rātou herenga maha me ngā mahi ki te whakatika i ēnei herenga.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he maha ngā taurangi e pā ana ki ngā kaute SET [10, 21, 25, 26]. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mārama ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaiako ki ēnei taurangi i te wā e whakamārama ana, e whakamahi ana hoki i ngā raraunga. Kei te wāhanga e whai ake nei he tirohanga poto mō ēnei taurangi. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā kaute SET, e whakamāramahia ana i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki ake te whakamahinga o ngā kete ipurangi ki te whakataurite ki ngā kete pepa. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga i roto i ngā tuhinga ka taea te whakaoti i te SET ipurangi me te kore e aro nui ngā ākonga ki te tukanga whakaoti. I roto i tētahi rangahau whakamere nā Uitdehaage rāua ko O'Neill [5], i tāpirihia he kaiako kāore i te noho ki te SET, ā, he maha ngā ākonga i tuku urupare [5]. Heoi anō, e whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga i roto i ngā tuhinga he maha ngā wā e whakapono ana ngā ākonga kāore te whakaotinga o te SET e arahi ki te whakapai ake i te whakatutukitanga mātauranga, ā, ina honoa ki te kaupapa pukumahi o ngā ākonga hauora, ka iti ake pea ngā reiti urupare [27]. Ahakoa e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau kāore he rerekētanga o ngā whakaaro o ngā ākonga e mahi ana i te whakamātautau ki ērā o te rōpū katoa, ka taea tonu e ngā reiti urupare iti te ārahi i ngā kaiako ki te tango i ngā hua kia iti ake te aro ki ngā hua [28].
Ko te nuinga o ngā SET ipurangi ka oti i runga i te ingoa huna. Ko te whakaaro kia taea e ngā ākonga te whakapuaki noa i ō rātou whakaaro me te kore e whakaaro ka pāngia ō rātou whanaungatanga ki ngā kaiako ā muri ake nei e ā rātou whakapuakitanga. I roto i te rangahau a Alfonso et al. [29], i whakamahia e ngā kairangahau ngā whakatauranga ingoa huna me ngā whakatauranga i reira me tuku e ngā kaiaromatawai ō rātou ingoa (ngā whakatauranga tūmatanui) hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te whakaako a ngā kaiako kura hauora e ngā kainoho me ngā ākonga hauora. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he iti ake te whiwhinga a ngā kaiako i ngā aromatawai ingoa huna. E kī ana ngā kaituhi he pono ake ngā ākonga i roto i ngā aromatawai ingoa huna nā ētahi arai i roto i ngā aromatawai tuwhera, pērā i te pakaru o ngā whanaungatanga mahi me ngā kaiako whai wāhi [29]. Heoi, me mōhio anō hoki ko te ingoa huna e pā ana ki te SET ipurangi ka arahi pea i ētahi ākonga ki te kore whakaute me te rapu utu ki te kaiako mena kāore ngā kaute aromatawai e tutuki i ngā tumanakohanga a ngā ākonga [30]. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he onge te tuku urupare kore whakaute a ngā ākonga, ā, ka taea te whakawhāiti i tēnei whakamutunga mā te whakaako i ngā ākonga ki te tuku urupare whai hua [30].
He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaatu he hononga kei waenganui i ngā kaute SET a ngā ākonga, ā rātou tumanakohanga mahi whakamātautau, me te pai o ā rātou whakamātautau [10, 21]. Hei tauira, i kōrero a Strobe (2020) [9] ka whakawhiwhia e ngā ākonga ngā akoranga ngāwari, ā, ka whakawhiwhia e ngā kaiako ngā māka ngoikore, ka taea te whakatenatena i te whakaakoranga ngoikore, ka arahi hoki ki te pikinga māka [9]. I roto i tētahi rangahau tata nei, i kōrero a Looi et al. (2020) [31] he hononga ngā SET pai ake, ā, he ngāwari ake te aromatawai. I tua atu, he taunakitanga whakamataku kei te hono whakamuri te SET ki te mahi a ngā ākonga i ngā akoranga e whai ake nei: ko te teitei ake o te whakatauranga, ko te kino ake o te mahi a ngā ākonga i ngā akoranga e whai ake nei. I whakahaerehia e Cornell et al. (2016)[32] tētahi rangahau hei tirotiro mēnā he nui ake te ako a ngā ākonga kāreti mai i ngā kaiako i whakatauria e rātou he SET teitei. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ina aromatawaihia te ako i te mutunga o tētahi akoranga, ka whai wāhi hoki ngā kaiako whai tohu teitei ki te ako a te nuinga o ngā ākonga. Heoi, ina inehia te ako mā te mahi i ngā akoranga e whai ake nei, ko ngā kaiako e whiwhi tohu iti ana te hunga tino whai hua. I whakapae ngā kairangahau mā te wero nui ake i tētahi akoranga i roto i te huarahi whai hua ka taea te whakaiti i ngā whakatauranga engari ka pai ake te ako. Nō reira, kaua ngā aromatawai a ngā ākonga e waiho hei pūtake anake mō te aromatawai i te whakaakoranga, engari me whakamana.
He maha ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana ko te mahi a te akoranga me tōna whakaritenga te mea e pāngia ana te mahi a te SET. I kitea e Ming rāua ko Baozhi [33] i roto i tā rāua rangahau he rerekētanga nui kei roto i ngā kaute SET i waenga i ngā ākonga i ngā kaupapa rerekē. Hei tauira, he teitei ake ngā kaute SET a ngā pūtaiao haumanu i ngā pūtaiao taketake. I whakamārama ngā kaituhi nā te mea he hiahia ngā ākonga hauora ki te noho hei tākuta, nō reira he hiahia whaiaro me te hihiri teitei ake ki te whai wāhi atu ki ngā akoranga pūtaiao haumanu ki te whakataurite ki ngā akoranga pūtaiao taketake [33]. Pērā i ngā whiringa whiriwhiri, he pānga pai hoki te hihiri o ngā ākonga mō te kaupapa ki ngā kaute [21]. He maha atu anō ngā rangahau e tautoko ana ko te momo akoranga ka pā ki ngā kaute SET [10, 21].
Heoi anō, kua whakaatuhia e ētahi atu rangahau ko te iti o te rahi o te akomanga, ko te teitei ake o te taumata SET e tutukihia ana e ngā kaiako [10, 33]. Ko tētahi whakamārama pea ko te iti o ngā akomanga ka whakanui ake i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te taunekeneke kaiako-ākonga. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga e whakahaerehia ai te aromatawai ka pā ki ngā hua. Hei tauira, ko te wā me te rā e whakaakona ai te akoranga te mea e pāngia ana ngā kaute SET, tae atu ki te rā o te wiki e oti ai te SET (hei tauira, ko ngā aromatawai e oti ana i ngā wiki mutunga ka hua ake he kaute pai ake) i ngā aromatawai i oti i mua o te wiki. [10].
I roto i tētahi rangahau whakamere nā Hessler me ētahi atu, e pātai ana hoki mō te whai huatanga o te SET. [34]. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakahaerehia he whakamātautau matapōkere whakahaere i roto i tētahi akoranga rongoā ohorere. I tohaina matapōkeretia ngā ākonga hauora tau tuatoru ki tētahi rōpū whakahaere, ki tētahi rōpū rānei i whiwhi pihikete tiakarete kore utu (rōpū pihikete). I whakaakona ngā rōpū katoa e ngā kaiako kotahi, ā, he ōrite ngā ihirangi whakangungu me ngā rauemi akoranga mō ngā rōpū e rua. I muri i te akoranga, i tonoa ngā ākonga katoa kia whakaoti i tētahi huinga. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he pai ake te whakatauranga a te rōpū pihikete i ngā kaiako i te rōpū whakahaere, e pātai ana mō te whai huatanga o te SET [34].
E tautokona ana hoki e ngā taunakitanga i roto i ngā tuhinga ko te ira tangata pea ka pā ki ngā kaute SET [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46]. Hei tauira, kua whakaatuhia e ētahi rangahau he whanaungatanga i waenga i te ira tangata o ngā ākonga me ngā hua aromatawai: he nui ake ngā kaute a ngā ākonga wahine i ngā ākonga tāne [27]. Ko te nuinga o ngā taunakitanga e whakaū ana he iti ake te whakatauranga a ngā ākonga i ngā kaiako wahine i ngā kaiako tāne [37, 38, 39, 40]. Hei tauira, i whakaatu a Boring et al. [38] i whakapono ngā ākonga tāne me ngā ākonga wahine he nui ake te mōhio o ngā tāne, ā, he kaha ake ō rātou pūkenga kaiārahi i ngā wāhine. Ko te meka e pā ana te ira tangata me ngā momo āhua ki te SET e tautokona ana hoki e te rangahau a MacNell et al. [41], nāna i kōrero ko ngā ākonga i roto i tana rangahau he iti ake te whakatauranga a ngā kaiako wahine i ngā kaiako tāne i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te whakaako [41]. I tua atu, i whakarato a Morgan et al [42] i ngā taunakitanga i whiwhi ngā tākuta wahine i ngā whakatauranga whakaako iti iho i roto i ngā hurihanga haumanu nui e whā (pokanga, pediatrics, obstetrics me te gynecology, me te rongoā ā-roto) ki te whakataurite ki ngā tākuta tāne.
I roto i te rangahau a Murray et al. (2020) [43], i kōrero ngā kairangahau ko te ataahua o ngā kaiako me te hiahia o ngā ākonga ki te akoranga he hononga ki ngā kaute SET teitei ake. I tetahi atu taha, ko te uaua o te akoranga he hononga ki ngā kaute SET iti iho. Hei tāpiri, i hoatu e ngā ākonga he kaute SET teitei ake ki ngā kaiako tāne mā taitamariki o ngā mahi toi tangata me ngā kaiako e pupuri ana i ngā tūranga ahorangi katoa. Kāore he hononga i waenga i ngā aromatawai whakaako SET me ngā hua rangahau kaiako. I whakaūhia hoki e ētahi atu rangahau te pānga pai o te ataahua tinana o ngā kaiako ki ngā hua aromatawai [44].
I kōrero a Clayson et al. (2017) [45] ahakoa he whakaae whānui kei te puta mai i te SET ngā hua pono, ā, he rite tonu ngā toharite o te akomanga me te kaiako, kei te noho tonu ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā whakautu takitahi a ngā ākonga. Hei whakarāpopototanga, e whakaatu ana ngā hua o tēnei pūrongo aromatawai kāore ngā ākonga i whakaae ki ngā mea i tonoa kia aromatawaihia e rātou. Kāore i te rawaka ngā ine pono i ahu mai i ngā aromatawai a ngā ākonga i te whakaakoranga hei whakarato i tētahi pūtake mō te whakatū i te mana. Nō reira, i ētahi wā ka whakaratohia e te SET ngā mōhiohio mō ngā ākonga, kaua mō ngā kaiako.
He rerekē te SET mātauranga hauora i te SET tuku iho, engari he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kaiako te SET e wātea ana i roto i ngā mātauranga whānui, kaua ki te SET e hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa hauora kua whakaaturia i roto i ngā tuhinga. Heoi anō, kua kitea e ngā rangahau i mahia i roto i ngā tau ētahi raruraru.
I whakahaerehia e Jones et al (1994). [46] tētahi rangahau hei whakatau i te pātai me pēhea te aromatawai i ngā kaiako o ngā kura hauora mai i ngā tirohanga a ngā kaiako me ngā kaiwhakahaere. I te nuinga, ko ngā take i whakahuatia pinepinetia e pā ana ki te aromatawai whakaako. Ko ngā mea tino kitea ko ngā amuamu whānui mō te koretake o ngā tikanga aromatawai mahi o nāianei, me ngā kaiwhakautu hoki e amuamu ana mō te SET me te kore e mōhiotia te whakaako i roto i ngā pūnaha utu mātauranga. Ko ētahi atu raruraru i pūrongohia ko ngā tikanga aromatawai me ngā paearu whakatairanga koretake puta noa i ngā tari, te kore o ngā aromatawai auau, me te kore e hono i ngā hua aromatawai ki ngā utu.
E whakamārama ana a Royal et al (2018) [11] i ētahi o ngā herenga o te whakamahi i te SET hei aromatawai i te marautanga me ngā kaiako i roto i ngā kaupapa ngaio hauora i te mātauranga teitei whānui. E ai ki ngā kairangahau he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te SET i roto i te mātauranga teitei nā te mea kāore e taea te whakamahi tika ki te hoahoa marautanga me te whakaako akoranga i roto i ngā kura hauora. He maha ngā wā ka whakakotahihia ngā pātai e pātaihia pinepinetia ana, tae atu ki ngā pātai mō te kaiako me te akoranga, ki roto i te kotahi pātai, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka uaua ki ngā ākonga te wehewehe i waenga i a rātou. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā mema kaiako e whakaakona ana ngā akoranga i roto i ngā kaupapa hauora. Ka ara ake ngā pātai mō te whai mana i runga i te iti pea o ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ākonga me ngā kaiako i aromatawaitia e Royal et al. (2018)[11]. I roto i tētahi rangahau a Hwang et al. (2017) [14], i tirotirohia e ngā kairangahau te ariā o te whakaata whānui o ngā aromatawai akoranga whakamuri i ngā tirohanga a ngā ākonga mō ngā akoranga a ngā kaiako. E kī ana ā rātou hua he mea tika te aromatawai akomanga takitahi hei whakahaere i ngā akoranga maha-tari i roto i tētahi marautanga kura hauora whakauru.
I tirotirohia e Uitdehaage rāua ko O'Neill (2015) [5] te whānuitanga o te tango ā-tauira hauora i te SET i roto i tētahi akoranga akomanga maha-kaiako. I whakaatuhia i roto i ia akoranga e rua he kaiako rūpahu. Me whakarato ngā ākonga i ngā whakatauranga ingoakore ki ngā kaiako katoa (tae atu ki ngā kaiako rūpahu) i roto i ngā wiki e rua i muri i te otinga o te akoranga, engari ka taea e rātou te kore e arotake i te kaiako. I te tau i muri mai ka tupu anō tēnei, engari i whakaurua te whakaahua o te kaiako rūpahu. E ono tekau mā ono ōrau o ngā ākonga i whakatau i te kaiako mariko kāore he rite, engari he iti ake ngā ākonga (49%) i whakatau i te kaiako mariko he rite tonu. E kī ana ēnei kitenga he maha ngā ākonga hauora e whakaoti ana i ngā SET me te kore e aro ki te hunga e aromatawaihia ana e rātou, me te kore e whakaaro ki te mahi a te kaiako. Ka ārai tēnei i te whakapai ake i te kounga o te kaupapa, ā, ka kino pea ki te ahunga whakamua mātauranga o ngā kaiako. Ka whakaarohia e ngā kairangahau he anga e tuku ana i tētahi huarahi tino rerekē ki te SET e whakauru kaha ana i ngā ākonga.
He maha atu anō ngā rerekētanga o te marautanga mātauranga o ngā kaupapa hauora ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu kaupapa mātauranga whānui [11]. Ko te mātauranga hauora, pērā i te mātauranga hauora ngaio, e aro nui ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā tūranga ngaio kua tautuhia mārama (te mahi haumanu). Nō reira, ka noho pūmau ake ngā marautanga kaupapa hauora me te hauora, me te iti o ngā akoranga me ngā whiringa kaiako. He mea whakamīharo, he maha ngā wā ka tukuna ngā akoranga mātauranga hauora i roto i te whakatakotoranga rōpū, me ngā ākonga katoa e tango ana i te akoranga kotahi i te wā kotahi i ia wāhanga ako. Nō reira, ko te whakauru i te tini o ngā ākonga (ko te tikanga n = 100, neke atu rānei) ka pā ki te whakatakotoranga whakaako me te whanaungatanga kaiako-ākonga. Heoi anō, i roto i te maha o ngā kura hauora, kāore ngā āhuatanga hinengaro o te nuinga o ngā taputapu e aromatawaihia i te whakamahinga tuatahi, ā, kāore pea e mōhiotia ngā āhuatanga o te nuinga o ngā taputapu [11].
He maha ngā rangahau i ngā tau kua taha ake nei kua whakaatu i ngā taunakitanga ka taea te whakapai ake i te SET mā te aro atu ki ētahi āhuatanga nui ka pā ki te whai huatanga o te SET i ngā taumata taputapu, whakahaere, me te whakamaori. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3 i ētahi o ngā mahi ka taea te whakamahi hei waihanga i tētahi tauira SET whai hua. Kei ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei he whakamārama taipitopito ake.
Whakapai ake i te SET i ngā taumata taputapu, whakahaere, me te whakamārama hei whakawhanake i ngā tauira SET whai hua.
E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, e whakaū ana ngā tuhinga ka taea e te whakaaro taikaha te awe i ngā aromatawai a ngā kaiako [35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46]. I whakahaerehia e Peterson et al. (2019) [40] tētahi rangahau i tirotiro ai mēnā i awe te taikaha o ngā ākonga i ngā urupare a ngā ākonga ki ngā mahi whakaiti i te whakaaro taikaha. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i tukuna te SET ki ngā akomanga e whā (e rua e whakaakona ana e ngā kaiako tāne, e rua e whakaakona ana e ngā kaiako wahine). I roto i ia akoranga, i tohaina matapōkeretia ngā ākonga ki te whiwhi i tētahi taputapu aromatawai paerewa, i tētahi taputapu ōrite rānei, engari e whakamahi ana i te reo i hangaia hei whakaiti i te whakaaro taikaha. I kitea e te rangahau ko ngā ākonga i whakamahi i ngā taputapu aromatawai ārai-aroaro i hoatu he kaute SET teitei ake ki ngā kaiako wahine i ngā ākonga i whakamahi i ngā taputapu aromatawai paerewa. Heoi anō, kāore he rerekētanga i roto i ngā whakatauranga o ngā kaiako tāne i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua. He mea nui ngā hua o tēnei rangahau, ā, e whakaatu ana me pēhea te wawaotanga reo ngāwari noa e taea ai te whakaiti i te whakaaro taikaha i roto i ngā aromatawai a ngā ākonga i te whakaakoranga. Nō reira, he mahi pai te āta whakaaro ki ngā SET katoa me te whakamahi i te reo hei whakaiti i te whakaaro taikaha i roto i tō rātou whanaketanga [40].
Hei whiwhi hua whai hua mai i tētahi SET, he mea nui kia āta whakaarohia te kaupapa o te aromatawai me te kupu o ngā pātai i mua i te wā. Ahakoa he mārama te nuinga o ngā rangahau SET e whakaatu ana i tētahi wāhanga mō ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te akoranga, arā, "Arotake Akoranga", me tētahi wāhanga mō ngā kaiako, arā, "Arotake Kaiako", i ētahi rangahau kāore pea te rerekētanga e kitea, i ētahi wā rānei, tera pea ka pōhēhē ngā ākonga mō te aromatawai takitahi i ia wāhanga. Nō reira, me tika te hoahoa o te pātai, me whakamārama i ngā wāhanga e rua o te pātai, me te whakamōhio i ngā ākonga ki ngā mea me aromatawai i ia wāhanga. Hei tāpiri, e taunakihia ana te whakamātautau whakamātautau hei whakatau mēnā kei te whakamārama ngā ākonga i ngā pātai i te huarahi i whakaarohia [24]. I roto i tētahi rangahau nā Oermann et al. (2018) [26], i rapu, i whakahiato hoki ngā kairangahau i ngā tuhinga e whakaahua ana i te whakamahinga o te SET i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā marautanga i roto i te mātauranga paetahi me te paerua hei whakarato aratohu ki ngā kaiako mō te whakamahinga o te SET i roto i ngā kaupapa nēhi me ētahi atu kaupapa ngaio hauora. E kī ana ngā hua me aromatawai ngā taputapu SET i mua i te whakamahinga, tae atu ki te whakamātautau i ngā taputapu me ngā ākonga kāore pea e taea te whakamārama i ngā tūemi, i ngā pātai rānei o te taputapu SET e ai ki te whakaaro o te kaiako.
He maha ngā rangahau kua arotakehia mēnā ka awe te tauira whakahaere SET i te whai wāhi a ngā ākonga.
I whakaritea e Daumier et al. (2004) [47] ngā whakatauranga a ngā ākonga mō te whakangungu kaiako i oti i roto i te akomanga ki ngā whakatauranga i kohia i runga ipurangi mā te whakataurite i te maha o ngā whakautu me ngā whakatauranga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he iti ake ngā reiti whakautu o ngā rangahau ipurangi i ngā rangahau i roto i te akomanga. Heoi, i kitea e te rangahau kāore i tino rerekē ngā māka toharite i puta mai i ngā aromatawai akomanga tuku iho.
I pūrongohia te korenga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenganui i ngā ākonga me ngā kaiako i te wā e whakaoti ana i ngā SET tuihono (engari he maha ngā wā ka tāia), ā, nā reira kāore i te wātea he wā mō te whakamārama. Nō reira, kāore pea i te mārama tonu te tikanga o ngā pātai, ngā kōrero, ngā aromatawai rānei a ngā ākonga mō te SET [48]. Kua aro atu ētahi whare wānanga ki tēnei take mā te whakakotahi i ngā ākonga mō te haora me te whakarite i tētahi wā motuhake hei whakaoti i te SET tuihono (kāore i te mōhiotia) [49]. I roto i tā rātou rangahau, i tū a Malone et al. (2018) [49] i ētahi hui hei matapaki me ngā ākonga te kaupapa o te SET, ko wai ka kite i ngā hua o te SET me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā hua, me ētahi atu take i whakaarahia e ngā ākonga. He rite tonu te whakahaere i te SET ki tētahi rōpū arotahi: ka whakautu te rōpū mahi tahi i ngā pātai tuwhera mā te pōti kore mana, te tautohetohe, me te whakamārama. Neke atu i te 70–80% te auau whakautu, ā, he nui ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana ki ngā kaiako, ki ngā kaiwhakahaere, me ngā komiti marautanga [49].
E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, i roto i te rangahau a Uitdehaage rāua ko O'Neill [5], i kōrero ngā kairangahau i arotakehia e ngā ākonga o tā rātou rangahau ngā kaiako kāore i te tīariari. E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, he raruraru noa tēnei i roto i ngā akoranga kura hauora, e whakaakona ana ia akoranga e te tini o ngā kaiako, engari kāore pea ngā ākonga e mahara ko wai i whai wāhi ki ia akoranga, ki ngā mahi rānei a ia kaiako. Kua aro atu ētahi whare wānanga ki tēnei take mā te whakarato i tētahi whakaahua o ia kaiako, tōna ingoa, me te kaupapa/rā i whakaaturia hei whakahou i ngā mahara o ngā ākonga, hei karo hoki i ngā raruraru e whakararu ana i te whai huatanga o te SET [49].
Ko te raru nui pea e pā ana ki te SET ko te kore e taea e ngā kaiako te whakamārama tika i ngā hua SET tau me te kounga. Tērā pea ka hiahia ētahi kaiako ki te whakarite i ngā whakataurite tatauranga puta noa i ngā tau, tērā pea ka titiro ētahi ki ngā pikinga/hekenga iti o ngā kaute toharite hei huringa whai tikanga, ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki te whakapono ki ia rangahau, ā, ko ētahi e tino ruarua ana ki tētahi rangahau [45,50, 51].
Ki te kore e tika te whakamārama i ngā hua, te tukatuka rānei i ngā urupare a ngā ākonga, ka pāngia pea ngā waiaro o ngā kaiako ki te whakaako. Ko ngā hua o Lutovac et al. (2017) [52] He mea tika te whakangungu tautoko kaiako, ā, he mea whai hua hoki hei whakarato urupare ki ngā ākonga. Me tere te whakangungu i te mātauranga hauora mō te whakamārama tika i ngā hua SET. Nō reira, me whiwhi whakangungu ngā kaiako kura hauora mō te aromatawai i ngā putanga me ngā wāhanga nui hei arotahi mā rātou [50, 51].
Nō reira, e kī ana ngā hua i whakaahuatia me āta hoahoa, me āta whakahaere, me āta whakamārama hoki ngā SET kia whai pānga nui ai ngā hua SET ki ngā kaipupuri katoa e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā kaiako, ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā kura hauora, me ngā ākonga.
Nā ētahi o ngā herenga o SET, me whai tonu tātou ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha aromatawai whānui hei whakaiti i te whakaaro pākiki i roto i te whai huatanga o te whakaako, hei tautoko hoki i te whanaketanga ngaio o ngā kaiwhakaako hauora.
Ka taea te whiwhi māramatanga whānui ake mō te kounga o te whakaakoranga a ngā kaiako haumanu mā te kohikohi me te whakarōpū i ngā raraunga mai i ngā puna maha, tae atu ki ngā ākonga, ngā hoa mahi, ngā kaiwhakahaere kaupapa, me ngā aromatawai whaiaro a ngā kaiako [53, 54, 55, 56, 57]. Kei ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei e whakaahua ana i ētahi atu taputapu/tikanga ka taea te whakamahi hei tāpiri atu ki te SET whai hua hei āwhina i te whakawhanake i tētahi māramatanga tika ake, whānui ake hoki mō te whai huatanga o te whakangungu (Pikitia 4).
Ngā tikanga ka taea te whakamahi hei whakawhanake i tētahi tauira whānui o tētahi pūnaha hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te whakaako i roto i tētahi kura hauora.
Ko te tikanga o te rōpū arotahi he "kōrerorero rōpū i whakaritea hei tūhura i tētahi huinga take motuhake" [58]. I ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, kua waihangahia e ngā kura hauora ngā rōpū arotahi hei tiki urupare kounga mai i ngā ākonga, hei aro atu hoki ki ētahi o ngā hapa o te SET ipurangi. E whakaatu ana ēnei rangahau he whai hua ngā rōpū arotahi ki te whakarato urupare kounga me te whakanui ake i te pai o ngā ākonga [59, 60, 61].
I roto i tētahi rangahau nā Brundle et al. [59] i whakatinanahia e ngā kairangahau tētahi tukanga aromatawai rōpū ākonga i āhei ai ngā kaiwhakahaere akoranga me ngā ākonga ki te matapaki i ngā akoranga i roto i ngā rōpū arotahi. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he pai ake ngā matapakinga rōpū arotahi ki ngā aromatawai ipurangi, ā, he pai ake hoki te pai o ngā ākonga ki te tukanga aromatawai akoranga whānui. E whakanui ana ngā ākonga i te whai wāhi ki te kōrero tika ki ngā kaiwhakahaere akoranga, ā, e whakapono ana rātou ka taea e tēnei tukanga te whai wāhi ki te whakapai ake i te mātauranga. I whakaaro hoki rātou kua taea e rātou te mārama ki te tirohanga a te kaiwhakahaere akoranga. Haunga ngā ākonga, i whakatauria hoki e ngā kaiwhakahaere akoranga he pai ake te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ngā rōpū arotahi ki ngā ākonga [59]. Nō reira, mā te whakamahi i ngā rōpū arotahi ka taea e ngā kura hauora te whakarato i tētahi māramatanga whānui ake mō te kounga o ia akoranga me te whai huatanga o te whakaako a ngā kaiako. Heoi, me mōhio he iti noa iho ngā herenga o ngā rōpū arotahi, pērā i te iti noa o ngā ākonga e whai wāhi ana ki roto, ki te whakaritea ki te kaupapa SET ipurangi, e wātea ana ki ngā ākonga katoa. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakahaere i ngā rōpū arotahi mō ngā akoranga rerekē he tukanga roa pea mō ngā kaitohutohu me ngā ākonga. He nui ngā herenga o tēnei, inā koa mō ngā ākonga hauora he tino pukumahi ā rātou kaupapa mahi, ā, ka taea te mahi i ngā tūranga haumanu ki ngā wāhi matawhenua rerekē. Hei tāpiritanga, me nui ngā kaiārahi mātau e hiahiatia ana mō ngā rōpū arotahi. Heoi anō, mā te whakauru i ngā rōpū arotahi ki roto i te tukanga aromatawai ka taea te whakarato i ngā kōrero taipitopito me ngā kōrero motuhake mō te whai huatanga o te whakangungu [48, 59, 60, 61].
I tirotirohia e Schiekierka-Schwacke et al. (2018) [62] ngā tirohanga a ngā ākonga me ngā kaiako mō tētahi taputapu hou hei aromatawai i te mahi a ngā kaiako me ngā putanga ako a ngā ākonga i roto i ngā kura hauora Tiamana e rua. I whakahaerehia ngā kōrerorero rōpū arotahi me ngā uiui takitahi me ngā kaiako me ngā ākonga hauora. I maioha ngā kaiako ki ngā urupare whaiaro i tukuna mai e te taputapu aromatawai, ā, i kōrero ngā ākonga me waihanga he porowhita urupare, tae atu ki ngā whāinga me ngā hua, hei whakatenatena i te ripoata i ngā raraunga aromatawai. Nō reira, e tautoko ana ngā hua o tēnei rangahau i te hiranga o te kati i te porowhita whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā ākonga me te whakamōhio atu ki a rātou mō ngā hua aromatawai.
He mea tino nui ngā kaupapa Arotake Whakaakoranga a ngā Hoa (PRT) ā, kua roa nei e whakatinanahia ana i roto i te mātauranga teitei. Kei roto i te PRT he tukanga mahi tahi o te mātakitaki i te whakaako me te tuku urupare ki te kaititiro hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaako [63]. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā mahi whakaaroaro-ā-roto, ngā kōrero whai muri kua whakaritea, me te tuku pūnaha ki ngā hoa mahi kua whakangungua ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te PRT me te ahurea whakaako o te tari [64]. E ai ki ngā pūrongo he maha ngā painga o ēnei kaupapa nā te mea ka taea e rātou te āwhina i ngā kaiako ki te whiwhi urupare whai hua mai i ngā kaiako hoa kua pāngia pea e ngā uauatanga rite i mua, ā, ka taea te whakarato tautoko nui ake mā te whakarato whakaaro whai hua mō te whakapai ake [63]. Heoi anō, ina whakamahia whai hua, ka taea e te arotake hoa te whakapai ake i ngā ihirangi akoranga me ngā tikanga tuku, me te tautoko i ngā kaiwhakaako hauora ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o ā rātou whakaakoranga [65, 66].
I roto i tētahi rangahau hou nā Campbell et al. (2019) [67] i whakaatu he rautaki whanaketanga kaiako e whakaaetia ana, e whai hua ana hoki te tauira tautoko hoa mahi i te wāhi mahi mō ngā kaiwhakaako hauora haumanu. I tētahi atu rangahau, i whakahaerehia e Caygill et al. [68] tētahi rangahau i tukuna ai he pātai i hangaia mō ngā kaiwhakaako hauora i Te Whare Wānanga o Melbourne kia taea ai e rātou te whakapuaki i ō rātou wheako ki te whakamahi i te PRT. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he hiahia nui kei roto i ngā kaiwhakaako hauora ki te PRT, ā, ko te whakatakotoranga arotake hoa mahi tūao me te whai kōrero e kiia ana he whai wāhitanga nui, whai hua hoki mō te whanaketanga ngaio.
He mea tika kia mōhiotia me āta hangaia ngā kaupapa PRT kia kore ai e waihanga i tētahi taiao "whakahaere" whakahāwea e arahi pinepine ana ki te pikinga o te manukanuka i waenga i ngā kaiako e mātakitakihia ana [69]. Nō reira, ko te whāinga kia āta whakawhanake i ngā mahere PRT hei tautoko me te whakahaere i te waihanga i tētahi taiao haumaru, hei whakarato urupare whai hua hoki. Nō reira, me whai whakangungu motuhake hei whakangungu i ngā kaiarotake, ā, me uru noa ngā kaiako tino hiahia me te wheako ki ngā kaupapa PRT. He mea nui rawa atu tēnei mēnā ka whakamahia ngā mōhiohio i whiwhi mai i te PRT ki ngā whakataunga kaiako pērā i te whakatairanga ki ngā taumata teitei ake, te whakapikinga utu, me ngā whakatairanga ki ngā tūranga whakahaere nui. Me mōhio he roa te wā o te PRT, ā, pērā i ngā rōpū arotahi, me whai wāhi te tini o ngā mema kaiako wheako, ka uaua ai te whakatinana i tēnei huarahi i roto i ngā kura hauora iti-rauemi.
E whakaahua ana a Newman et al. (2019) [70] i ngā rautaki i whakamahia i mua, i te wā, me muri i te whakangungu, ngā tirohanga e whakaatu ana i ngā mahi pai me te tautuhi i ngā otinga ki ngā raruraru ako. E 12 ngā whakaaro i tukuna e ngā kairangahau ki ngā kaiarotake, tae atu ki: (1) whiriwhiria ō kupu me te whakaaro nui; (2) tukua te kaiarotake ki te whakatau i te ahunga o te kōrero; (3) pupuri i te urupare kia noho muna, kia whakatakotoranga hoki; (4) pupuri i te urupare kia noho muna, kia whakatakotoranga hoki; Ka arotahi te urupare ki ngā pūkenga whakaako, kaua ki te kaiako takitahi; (5) Kia mōhio ki ō hoa mahi (6) Kia whai whakaaro ki a koe anō me ētahi atu (7) Kia maumahara he mea nui te mahi a ngā kupu whakakapi ki te tuku urupare, (8) Whakamahia ngā pātai hei whakamārama i te tirohanga whakaako, (10) Whakatūria he tukanga whakawhirinaki me te urupare i roto i ngā tirohanga a ngā hoa, (11) kia whai hua te tirohanga ako, (12) waihangahia he mahere mahi. Kei te tūhuratia hoki e ngā kairangahau te pānga o te whakaaro pākiki ki ngā tirohanga me te pēhea e taea ai e te tukanga ako, te tirotiro me te matapaki urupare te whakarato i ngā wheako ako whai hua mō ngā taha e rua, ka hua ake ai he hononga roa me te kounga mātauranga kua whakapaitia. Ko Gomaly et al. (2014) [71] i kōrero ko te kounga o te urupare whai hua me uru atu ki (1) te whakamārama i te mahi mā te whakarato tohutohu, (2) te whakanui ake i te hihiri hei akiaki i te whakapau kaha, me (3) te tirohanga a te kaiwhiwhi he tukanga whai hua. i whakaratohia e tētahi puna pono.
Ahakoa ka whiwhi urupare ngā kaiako o te kura hauora mō te PRT, he mea nui kia whakangungua ngā kaiako ki te whakamārama i ngā urupare (he rite ki te taunakitanga kia whiwhi whakangungu mō te whakamārama SET) me te tuku wā ki ngā kaiako ki te whakaaroaro whai hua mō ngā urupare i whiwhi.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 24-2023