Kua kitea te whai huatanga o te hangarau mooni whakanui (AR) ki te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio me te whakaatu i ngā mea 3D. Ahakoa he maha ngā ākonga e whakamahi ana i ngā tono AR mā ngā taputapu pūkoro, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonutia ngā tauira kirihou, ngā whakaahua 2D rānei i roto i ngā mahi tapahi niho. Nā te āhua toru-ahu o ngā niho, ka raru ngā ākonga whakairo niho nā te kore o ngā taputapu e wātea ana hei whakarato aratohu pumau. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakawhanakehia e mātou he taputapu whakangungu whakairo niho e hangai ana ki te AR (AR-TCPT) ā, i whakaritea ki tētahi tauira kirihou hei aromatawai i tōna pūmanawa hei taputapu whakaharatau me te wheako o tōna whakamahinga.
Hei whakatauira i te tapahi niho, i hangaia e mātou he mea 3D i roto i te raupapatanga, tae atu ki te niho kaumātua me te niho kaumātua tuatahi (taahiraa 16), te niho kaumātua tuatahi o te kauae raro (taahiraa 13), me te niho kaumātua tuatahi o te kauae raro (taahiraa 14). I tohaina ngā tohu whakaahua i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Photoshop ki ia niho. I whakawhanakehia he tono pūkoro e hangai ana ki te AR mā te whakamahi i te miihini Unity. Mō te whakairo niho, 52 ngā kaiuru i tohaina matapōkeretia ki tētahi rōpū whakahaere (n = 26; mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira niho kirihou) ki tētahi rōpū whakamātautau rānei (n = 26; mā te whakamahi i te AR-TCPT). I whakamahia he pātai 22-tūemi hei aromatawai i te wheako kaiwhakamahi. I whakahaerehia te tātari raraunga whakatairite mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau U Mann-Whitney kore-taurite mā te kaupapa SPSS.
Ka whakamahia e te AR-TCPT te kāmera o tētahi taputapu pūkoro hei kite i ngā tohu whakaahua me te whakaatu i ngā mea 3D o ngā kongakonga niho. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakahaere i te taputapu hei arotake i ia taahiraa, hei ako rānei i te āhua o te niho. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua o te rangahau wheako kaiwhakamahi, ki te whakatauritea ki te rōpū whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ngā tauira kirihou, he nui ake ngā hua o te rōpū whakamātautau AR-TCPT mō te wheako whakairo niho.
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā tauira kirihou tuku iho, he pai ake te wheako o te kaiwhakamahi i te wā e whakairo ana i ngā niho mā te AR-TCPT. He māmā noa te uru atu ki te taputapu nā te mea kua hangaia hei whakamahi mā ngā kaiwhakamahi i runga i ngā taputapu pūkoro. Me whai rangahau anō hei whakatau i te pānga mātauranga o te AR-TCTP ki te ine i ngā niho whakairo me ngā pūkenga whakairo takitahi o te kaiwhakamahi.
He wāhanga nui o te marautanga niho te āhua o ngā niho me ngā mahi ā-ringa. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei akoranga he aratohu ariā me te mahi ā-ringa mō te āhua o ngā niho, te mahi me te whakairo tika o ngā hanganga niho [1, 2]. Ko te tikanga whakaako tuku iho ko te ako ariā, kātahi ka mahi whakairo niho i runga i ngā mātāpono kua akohia. Ka whakamahia e ngā ākonga ngā whakaahua rua-ahu (2D) o ngā niho me ngā tauira kirihou hei whakairo niho ki runga i ngā poraka ware pi, paraikete rānei [3,4,5]. He mea nui te mārama ki te āhua o ngā niho mō te maimoatanga whakaora me te hanga i ngā whakaora niho i roto i te mahi haumanu. Ko te whanaungatanga tika i waenga i ngā niho hoariri me ngā niho tata, e tohuhia ana e ō rātou āhua, he mea nui kia mau tonu te pumau o te occlusal me te tūnga [6, 7]. Ahakoa ka taea e ngā akoranga niho te āwhina i ngā ākonga kia mārama ki te āhua o ngā niho, kei te tūtaki tonu rātou ki ngā wero i roto i te tukanga tapahi e pā ana ki ngā mahi tuku iho.
Ko ngā tauhou ki te mahi i te āhua o ngā niho e tūtaki ana ki te wero o te whakamārama me te tārua i ngā whakaahua 2D i roto i ngā āhua-toru (3D) [8,9,10]. Ko ngā āhua niho e whakaatuhia ana i te nuinga o te wā mā ngā tuhi, ngā whakaahua rānei e rua-ahu, ka uaua ki te whakaatu i te āhua o ngā niho. Hei tāpiri, ko te hiahia kia tere te mahi whakairo niho i roto i te wāhi me te wā iti, me te whakamahi i ngā whakaahua 2D, ka uaua ki ngā ākonga te whakaaro me te whakaatu i ngā āhua 3D [11]. Ahakoa he āwhina ngā tauira niho kirihou (ka taea te whakaatu hei wāhanga kua oti, hei āhua whakamutunga rānei) i te whakaako, he iti noa iho te whakamahinga nā te mea he maha ngā wā kua tautuhia kētia ngā tauira kirihou arumoni, ā, ka whakawhāiti i ngā whai wāhitanga mahi mō ngā kaiako me ngā ākonga[4]. Hei tāpiri, ko ēnei tauira mahi whakangungu nō te whare wānanga, ā, kāore e taea e ngā ākonga takitahi te pupuri, ka piki ake te taumahatanga mahi whakangungu i te wā akomanga kua whakaritea. He maha ngā ākonga e whakaako ana ngā kaiwhakaako i te wā mahi whakangungu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā tikanga mahi tuku iho, ka roa pea te tatari mō ngā urupare a te kaiwhakaako mō ngā wāhanga waenga o te whakairo [12]. Nō reira, me whai aratohu whakairo hei whakahaere i te mahi whakairo niho me te whakaiti i ngā herenga i whakatakotoria e ngā tauira kirihou.
Kua puta ake te hangarau mooni whakanui (AR) hei taputapu whai hua mō te whakapai ake i te wheako ako. Mā te whakakikorua i ngā mōhiohio matihiko ki tētahi taiao tūturu, ka taea e te hangarau AR te whakarato i tētahi wheako taunekeneke me te rumaki ake ki ngā ākonga [13]. I whakamahia e Garzón [14] ngā tau 25 o te wheako ki ngā whakatipuranga tuatahi e toru o te whakarōpūtanga mātauranga AR, ā, i tautohetia e ia ko te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu pūkoro me ngā tono utu-pai (mā ngā taputapu pūkoro me ngā tono) i te whakatipuranga tuarua o te AR kua tino whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakatutukitanga mātauranga. . Kia hangaia, kia tāutahia hoki, ka taea e ngā tono pūkoro te kāmera te kite me te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio tāpiri mō ngā mea kua kitea, ā, ka whakapai ake i te wheako kaiwhakamahi [15, 16]. Ka mahi te hangarau AR mā te kite wawe i tētahi waehere, i tētahi tohu whakaahua rānei mai i te kāmera o tētahi taputapu pūkoro, ka whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio 3D kua whakakikoruatia ina kitea [17]. Mā te whakahaere i ngā taputapu pūkoro, i ngā tohu whakaahua rānei, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te mātakitaki me te mārama ki ngā hanganga 3D [18]. I roto i tētahi arotake a Akçayır me Akçayır [19], i kitea ka whakanui ake te AR i te "ngahau" me te "whakanui ake i ngā taumata o te whai wāhi ki te ako." Heoi, nā te uaua o ngā raraunga, ka "uaua pea te whakamahi a ngā ākonga i te hangarau" ā, ka puta he "whakararuraru hinengaro", me ētahi atu taunakitanga ako [19, 20, 21]. Nō reira, me whakapau kaha ki te whakarei ake i te uara mātauranga o te AR mā te whakanui ake i te whakamahinga me te whakaiti i te uaua o ngā mahi. Me whai whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga ina whakamahia ana te hangarau AR hei hanga taputapu mātauranga mō te mahi whakairo niho.
Hei ārahi pai i ngā ākonga ki te whakairo niho mā te whakamahi i ngā taiao AR, me whai i tētahi tukanga tonu. Ka taea e tēnei huarahi te āwhina i te whakaiti i te rerekētanga me te whakatairanga i te whiwhi pūkenga [22]. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakairo tīmata te whakapai ake i te kounga o ā rātou mahi mā te whai i tētahi tukanga whakairo niho matihiko taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa [23]. Inaa, kua whakaatuhia he whai hua te huarahi whakangungu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa ki te whakahaere i ngā pūkenga whakairo i roto i te wā poto me te whakaiti i ngā hapa i roto i te hoahoa whakamutunga o te whakaora [24]. I roto i te mara o te whakaora niho, ko te whakamahinga o ngā tukanga whakairo i runga i te mata o ngā niho he huarahi whai hua hei āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te whakapai ake i ō rātou pūkenga [25]. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakawhanake i tētahi taputapu mahi whakairo niho AR (AR-TCPT) e tika ana mō ngā taputapu pūkoro me te aromatawai i tōna wheako kaiwhakamahi. Hei tāpiri, i whakaritea e te rangahau te wheako kaiwhakamahi o AR-TCPT ki ngā tauira kapia niho tuku iho hei aromatawai i te kaha o AR-TCPT hei taputapu mahi.
Kua hangaia te AR-TCPT mō ngā taputapu pūkoro mā te whakamahi i te hangarau AR. Kua hangaia tēnei taputapu hei waihanga i ngā tauira 3D taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa o ngā niho kau maxillary, ngā niho premolar tuatahi maxillary, ngā niho premolar tuatahi mandibular, me ngā niho molar tuatahi mandibular. I mahia te whakatauira 3D tuatahi mā te whakamahi i te 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), ā, i mahia te whakatauira whakamutunga mā te whakamahi i te kete pūmanawa Zbrush 3D (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA). I mahia te tohu whakaahua mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Photoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), i hangaia mō te mōhio pumau e ngā kāmera pūkoro, i roto i te miihini Vuforia (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia.com)). Ka whakatinanahia te tono AR mā te whakamahi i te miihini Unity (Maehe 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) ā, i muri mai ka tāutahia, ka whakarewahia ki runga i te taputapu pūkoro. Hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te AR-TCPT hei taputapu mō te mahi whakairo niho, i tīpakohia matapōkeretia ngā kaiuru mai i te akomanga mahi āhua niho o te tau 2023 hei hanga i tētahi rōpū whakahaere me tētahi rōpū whakamātautau. I whakamahia e ngā kaiuru o te rōpū whakamātautau te AR-TCPT, ā, i whakamahia e te rōpū whakahaere ngā tauira kirihou mai i te Kete Tauira Hiko Whakairo Niho (Nissin Dental Co., Hapani). I muri i te otinga o te mahi tapahi niho, i tirotirohia, ā, i whakaritea te wheako kaiwhakamahi o ia taputapu ā-ringa. Kei te whakaatuhia te rere o te hoahoa rangahau i te Pikitia 1. I whakahaerehia tēnei rangahau me te whakaaetanga a te Poari Arotake Whare Wānanga o te Whare Wānanga o South Seoul (nama IRB: NSU-202210-003).
E whakamahia ana te whakatauira 3D hei whakaatu tonu i ngā āhuatanga āhua o ngā hanganga e pupū ake ana, e piko ana hoki o ngā mata mesial, distal, buccal, lingual me te occlusal o ngā niho i te wā o te mahi whakairo. I whakatauirahia ngā niho canine maxillary me ngā niho premolar tuatahi maxillary hei taumata 16, te premolar tuatahi mandibular hei taumata 13, me te molar tuatahi mandibular hei taumata 14. E whakaatu ana te whakatauira tuatahi i ngā wāhanga e tika ana kia tangohia, kia puritia hoki i roto i te raupapa o ngā kiriata niho, e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia. 2. Ko te raupapa whakatauira niho whakamutunga e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3. I roto i te tauira whakamutunga, ka whakaahuahia e ngā kakano, ngā tihi me ngā awaawa te hanganga kua heke o te niho, ā, ka whakaurua ngā mōhiohio whakaahua hei ārahi i te mahi whakairo me te whakaatu i ngā hanganga e hiahia ana kia aro nui. I te tīmatanga o te wāhanga whakairo, ka tohua te tae o ia mata hei tohu i tōna aronga, ā, ka tohua te poraka ware pi ki ngā rārangi totoka e tohu ana i ngā wāhanga e tika ana kia tangohia. Kua tohua ngā mata o te niho ki ngā ira whero hei tohu i ngā pūwāhi pa o ngā niho ka noho tonu hei pūwāhi, ā, e kore e tangohia i te wā e tapahia ana. I runga i te mata o te niho, ka tohua e ngā ira whero ia pito kua tiakina, ā, ko ngā pere whero e tohu ana i te ahunga o te whakairo i te wā e tapahia ana te poraka ware pi. Mā te whakatauira 3D o ngā wāhanga kua puritia me ngā wāhanga kua tangohia ka taea te whakaū i te āhua o ngā wāhanga kua tangohia i ngā mahi whakairo poraka ware pi e whai ake nei.
Waihangahia he whakatauira tuatahi o ngā mea 3D i roto i tētahi tukanga whakairo niho taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa. a: Te mata mesial o te premolar tuatahi o runga; b: Ngā mata labial o runga ake me te mesial o te premolar tuatahi o runga; c: Te mata mesial o te molar tuatahi o runga; d: Te mata maxillary o te molar tuatahi o runga me te mata mesiobuccal. mata. B – paparinga; La – oro labial; M – oro waenga.
Ko ngā mea āhua-toru (3D) e tohu ana i te tukanga tapahi niho, i ia taahiraa. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakaahua i te mea 3D kua oti i muri i te tukanga whakatauira niho tuatahi o runga, e whakaatu ana i ngā taipitopito me ngā kakano mō ia taahiraa e whai ake nei. Kei roto i ngā raraunga whakatauira 3D tuarua te mea 3D whakamutunga kua whakareihia i roto i te taputapu pūkoro. Ko ngā rārangi iraira e tohu ana i ngā wāhanga wehewehe ōrite o te niho, ā, ko ngā wāhanga kua wehea e tohu ana i ngā mea me tango i mua i te whakaurunga o te wāhanga kei roto te rārangi totoka. Ko te pere whero 3D e tohu ana i te ahunga tapahi o te niho, ko te porowhita whero i te mata tawhiti e tohu ana i te wāhi pa o te niho, ā, ko te rango whero i te mata occlusal e tohu ana i te pito o te niho. a: ngā rārangi iraira, ngā rārangi totoka, ngā porowhita whero i te mata tawhiti me ngā taahiraa e tohu ana i te poraka ware pi ka taea te tango. b: Te otinga tata o te hanganga o te niho tuatahi o te kauae o runga. c: Tirohanga taipitopito o te niho tuatahi o runga, ko te pere whero e tohu ana i te ahunga o te niho me te miro mokowā, ko te pito porowhita whero, ko te rārangi totoka e tohu ana i te wāhanga hei tapahi i te mata occlusal. d: Te niho tuatahi o runga katoa.
Hei whakahaere i te tautuhi i ngā mahi whakairo e whai ake nei mā te whakamahi i te taputapu pūkoro, e whā ngā tohu whakaahua i whakaritea mō te niho molar tuatahi o te kauae raro, te niho premolar tuatahi o te kauae raro, te niho molar tuatahi o te kauae runga, me te niho kuri molar runga. I hangaia ngā tohu whakaahua mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Photoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) ā, i whakamahia ngā tohu tau porowhita me te tauira papamuri e tāruarua ana hei wehewehe i ia niho, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4. Waihangahia ngā tohu whakaahua kounga teitei mā te whakamahi i te miihini Vuforia (pūmanawa hanga tohu AR), ā, waihangahia, tiakina hoki ngā tohu whakaahua mā te whakamahi i te miihini Unity i muri i te whiwhinga i te reiti mōhiotanga whetu-rima mō tētahi momo whakaahua. Ka honoa haeretia te tauira niho 3D ki ngā tohu whakaahua, ā, ka whakatauhia tōna tūranga me tōna rahi i runga i ngā tohu. Ka whakamahia te miihini Unity me ngā taupānga Android ka taea te tāuta ki ngā taputapu pūkoro.
Tohu whakaahua. E whakaatu ana ēnei whakaahua i ngā tohu whakaahua i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau, i kitea e te kāmera waea pūkoro mā te momo niho (tau i ia porowhita). a: niho kau tuatahi o te kauae raro; b: niho kau mua tuatahi o te kauae raro; c: niho kau tuatahi o runga; d: niho kuri kau.
I tohua ngā kaiuru mai i te akomanga mahi tau tuatahi mō te āhua niho o te Tari Hauora Niho, Te Whare Wānanga o Seong, Gyeonggi-do. I whakamōhiotia ngā kaiuru pea mō ēnei mea e whai ake nei: (1) He tūao te whai wāhi atu, kāore he utu pūtea, he utu mātauranga rānei; (2) Ka whakamahia e te rōpū whakahaere ngā tauira kirihou, ā, ka whakamahia e te rōpū whakamātautau te taupānga pūkoro AR; (3) e toru wiki te roa o te whakamātautau, ā, e toru ngā niho e uru ana; (4) Ka whiwhi ngā kaiwhakamahi Android i tētahi hononga hei tāuta i te taupānga, ā, ka whiwhi ngā kaiwhakamahi iOS i tētahi taputapu Android me te AR-TCPT kua tāutahia; (5) Ka mahi tahi a AR-TCTP i runga i ngā pūnaha e rua; (6) Ka tohua matapōkeretia te rōpū whakahaere me te rōpū whakamātautau; (7) Ka mahia te whakairo niho i roto i ngā taiwhanga rerekē; (8) I muri i te whakamātautau, ka whakahaerehia he 22 rangahau; (9) Ka taea e te rōpū whakahaere te whakamahi i te AR-TCPT i muri i te whakamātautau. E 52 ngā kaiuru i tūao, ā, i riro mai he puka whakaae ipurangi mai i ia kaiuru. I tohaina matapōkeretia ngā rōpū mana (n = 26) me ngā rōpū whakamātautau (n = 26) mā te whakamahi i te mahi matapōkere i roto i te Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA). E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5 i te kimi kaiuru me te hoahoa whakamātautau i roto i tētahi tūtohi rere.
He hoahoa rangahau hei tūhura i ngā wheako o ngā kaiuru ki ngā tauira kirihou me ngā tono mooni whakanuia.
Mai i te 27 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2023, i whakamahia e te rōpū whakamātautau me te rōpū whakahaere te AR-TCPT me ngā tauira kirihou hei whakairo i ngā niho e toru, mō ngā wiki e toru. I whakairohia e ngā kaiuru ngā niho mua me ngā niho mua, tae atu ki te niho mua tuatahi o te kauae raro, te niho mua tuatahi o te kauae raro, me te niho mua tuatahi o te kauae runga, he uaua katoa ngā āhuatanga āhua. Kāore ngā kuri kauae runga i roto i te whakairo. E toru hāora ia wiki a ngā kaiuru ki te tapahi i te niho. I muri i te hanganga o te niho, ka tangohia ngā tauira kirihou me ngā tohu whakaahua o ngā rōpū whakahaere me ngā rōpū whakamātautau. Ki te kore he tohu tapanga whakaahua, kāore ngā mea niho 3D e whakarei akehia e te AR-TCTP. Hei ārai i te whakamahinga o ētahi atu taputapu mahi, i mahi ngā rōpū whakamātautau me ngā rōpū whakahaere i te whakairo niho i roto i ngā rūma motuhake. I tukuna he urupare mō te āhua o te niho i ngā wiki e toru i muri i te mutunga o te whakamātautau hei whakawhāiti i te awe o ngā tohutohu a te kaiako. I tukuna te pātai i muri i te otinga o te tapahi i ngā niho mua tuatahi o te kauae raro i te wiki tuatoru o Paenga-whāwhā. I whakamahia e te pātai whakarerekētanga mai i a Sanders et al. Alfala et al. e 23 ngā pātai mai i [26]. [27] i arotake i ngā rerekētanga o te āhua o te ngākau i waenga i ngā taputapu whakaharatau. Heoi, i roto i tēnei rangahau, kotahi te tūemi mō te whakahaere tika i ia taumata i tangohia mai i a Alfalah et al. [27]. Ko ngā tūemi 22 i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1. Ko ngā uara α a Cronbach o te 0.587 me te 0.912, ia, o ngā rōpū whakahaere me ngā rōpū whakamātautau.
I whakahaerehia te tātari raraunga mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa tatauranga SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). I whakahaerehia he whakamātautau hiranga taha-rua i te taumata hiranga o te 0.05. I whakamahia te whakamātautau tika a Fisher hei tātari i ngā āhuatanga whānui pēnei i te ira tangata, te tau, te wāhi noho, me te wheako whakairo niho hei whakaū i te tohatoha o ēnei āhuatanga i waenga i ngā rōpū mana whakahaere me ngā rōpū whakamātautau. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua o te whakamātautau Shapiro-Wilk kāore ngā raraunga rangahau i tohatoha noa (p < 0.05). Nō reira, i whakamahia te whakamātautau U Mann-Whitney kore-taurite hei whakataurite i ngā rōpū mana whakahaere me ngā rōpū whakamātautau.
Kei te Pikitia 6 ngā taputapu i whakamahia e ngā kaiuru i te wā o te mahi whakairo niho. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 6a i te tauira kirihou, ā, e whakaatu ana ngā Pikitia 6b-d i te AR-TCPT i whakamahia i runga i tētahi taputapu pūkoro. Ka whakamahia e te AR-TCPT te kāmera o te taputapu hei tautuhi i ngā tohu whakaahua, ā, ka whakaatuhia he mea niho 3D whakarei ake i runga i te mata ka taea e ngā kaiuru te whakahaere me te tirotiro i te wā tūturu. Mā ngā pātene "Panuku" me te "Mua" o te taputapu pūkoro ka taea e koe te tirotiro taipitopito i ngā wāhanga o te whakairo me ngā āhuatanga āhua o ngā niho. Hei hanga i tētahi niho, ka whakatauritehia e ngā kaiwhakamahi AR-TCPT tētahi tauira niho 3D whakarei ake i runga i te mata me tētahi poraka ware pi.
Whakaharatau i te whakairo niho. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakaahua i te whakataurite i waenga i te mahi whakairo niho tuku iho (TCP) mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira kirihou me te TCP taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu mooni whakanui. Ka taea e ngā ākonga te mātakitaki i ngā taahiraa whakairo 3D mā te pāwhiri i ngā pātene Panuku me te O mua. a: Tauira kirihou i roto i tētahi huinga tauira taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa mō te whakairo niho. b: TCP mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu mooni whakanui i te wāhanga tuatahi o te premolar tuatahi o raro. c: TCP mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu mooni whakanui i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te hanganga premolar tuatahi o raro. d: Tukanga o te tautuhi i ngā kōhao me ngā awaawa. IM, tapanga whakaahua; MD, taputapu pūkoro; NSB, pātene "Panuku"; PSB, pātene "O mua"; SMD, kaipupuri taputapu pūkoro; TC, mīhini whakairo niho; W, poraka ware pi
Kāore he rerekētanga nui i waenganui i ngā rōpū e rua o ngā kaiuru i tīpakohia matapōkeretia e pā ana ki te ira tangata, te tau, te wāhi noho, me te wheako whakairo niho (p > 0.05). Ko te rōpū whakahaere he 96.2% ngā wāhine (n = 25) me te 3.8% ngā tāne (n = 1), ko te rōpū whakamātautau he wāhine anake (n = 26). Ko te rōpū whakahaere he 61.5% (n = 16) o ngā kaiuru 20 tau te pakeke, 26.9% (n = 7) o ngā kaiuru 21 tau te pakeke, me te 11.5% (n = 3) o ngā kaiuru ≥ 22 tau te pakeke, kātahi ko te rōpū whakahaere whakamātautau he 73.1% (n = 19) o ngā kaiuru 20 tau te pakeke, 19.2% (n = 5) o ngā kaiuru 21 tau te pakeke, me te 7.7% (n = 2) o ngā kaiuru ≥ 22 tau te pakeke. Mō te noho, 69.2% (n=18) o te rōpū whakahaere i noho ki Gyeonggi-do, ā, 23.1% (n=6) i noho ki Seoul. Hei whakataurite, 50.0% (n = 13) o te rōpū whakamātautau i noho ki Gyeonggi-do, ā, 46.2% (n = 12) i noho ki Seoul. Ko te ōwehenga o ngā rōpū whakahaere me ngā rōpū whakamātautau e noho ana ki Incheon he 7.7% (n = 2) me te 3.8% (n = 1), ia. I roto i te rōpū whakahaere, 25 ngā kaiuru (96.2%) kāore i whai wheako o mua ki te whakairo niho. Waihoki, 26 ngā kaiuru (100%) o te rōpū whakamātautau kāore i whai wheako o mua ki te whakairo niho.
Kei te Ripanga 2 ngā tatauranga whakaahua me ngā whakataurite tatauranga o ngā whakautu a ia rōpū ki ngā tūemi rangahau 22. He rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā rōpū i roto i ngā whakautu ki ia tūemi pātai 22 (p < 0.01). Ki te whakatauritea ki te rōpū whakahaere, he nui ake ngā kaute toharite a te rōpū whakamātautau i runga i ngā tūemi pātai 21. I te pātai 20 (Q20) anake o te pātai i nui ake ai te kaute a te rōpū whakahaere i te rōpū whakamātautau. E whakaatu ana te histogram i te Pikitia 7 i te rerekētanga o ngā kaute toharite i waenga i ngā rōpū. Ripanga 2; E whakaatu ana hoki te Pikitia 7 i ngā hua wheako kaiwhakamahi mō ia kaupapa. I roto i te rōpū whakahaere, ko te tūemi kaute teitei rawa te pātai Q21, ā, ko te tūemi kaute iti rawa te pātai Q6. I roto i te rōpū whakamātautau, ko te tūemi kaute teitei rawa te pātai Q13, ā, ko te tūemi kaute iti rawa te pātai Q20. E ai ki te Pikitia 7, ko te rerekētanga nui rawa atu i te toharite i waenga i te rōpū whakahaere me te rōpū whakamātautau ka kitea i te Q6, ā, ko te rerekētanga iti rawa ka kitea i te Q22.
Te whakataurite i ngā kaute o ngā pātai. He kauwhata pae e whakataurite ana i ngā kaute toharite o te rōpū whakahaere mā te whakamahi i te tauira kirihou me te rōpū whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i te taupānga mooni whakanuia. AR-TCPT, he taputapu mahi whakairo niho e hangai ana ki te mooni whakanuia.
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o te hangarau AR i roto i ngā momo mara o te mahi niho, tae atu ki te ataahua haumanu, te pokanga ā-waha, te hangarau whakaora, te āhua niho me te implantology, me te whakaata [28, 29, 30, 31]. Hei tauira, ka whakaratohia e Microsoft HoloLens ngā taputapu mooni whakanui matatau hei whakapai ake i te mātauranga niho me te whakamahere pokanga [32]. Ka whakaratohia hoki e te hangarau mooni mariko he taiao whakaata mō te whakaako i te āhua niho [33]. Ahakoa kāore anō kia whānuitia te wātea o ēnei whakaaturanga pane-upoko e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā taputapu hangarau matatau i roto i te mātauranga niho, ka taea e ngā tono AR pūkoro te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga tono haumanu me te āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te mārama wawe ki te hanganga niho [34, 35]. Ka taea hoki e te hangarau AR te whakanui ake i te hihiri me te hiahia o ngā ākonga ki te ako i te āhua niho me te whakarato i tētahi wheako ako taunekeneke me te whakahihiri ake [36]. Ka āwhina ngā taputapu ako AR i ngā ākonga ki te tiro i ngā tikanga niho uaua me te hanganga niho i roto i te 3D [37], he mea nui ki te mārama ki te āhua niho.
He pai ake te pānga o ngā tauira niho kirihou tā 3D ki te whakaako i te āhua o ngā niho i ngā pukapuka ako me ngā whakaahua 2D me ngā whakamārama [38]. Heoi, nā te mamati o te mātauranga me te ahunga whakamua hangarau i hiahiatia ai te whakauru i ngā momo taputapu me ngā hangarau ki te hauora me te mātauranga hauora, tae atu ki te mātauranga niho [35]. Kei te anga whakamua ngā kaiako ki te wero o te whakaako i ngā ariā uaua i roto i tētahi mara e tere whanake ana, e hihiri ana hoki [39], e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā momo taputapu ā-ringa hei tāpiri atu ki ngā tauira kapia niho tuku iho hei āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te mahi whakairo niho. Nō reira, ka whakaatuhia e tēnei rangahau tētahi taputapu AR-TCPT whai hua e whakamahi ana i te hangarau AR hei āwhina i te mahi whakairo niho.
He mea nui te rangahau i te wheako kaiwhakamahi o ngā tono AR ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā rongorau maha [40]. Ka taea e te wheako kaiwhakamahi AR pai te whakatau i te ahunga o tōna whanaketanga me te whakapai ake, tae atu ki tōna kaupapa, te ngāwari o te whakamahi, te whakahaere maeneene, te whakaaturanga mōhiohio, me te taunekeneke [41]. E ai ki te Ripanga 2, haunga te Q20, i whiwhi te rōpū whakamātautau e whakamahi ana i te AR-TCPT i ngā whakatauranga wheako kaiwhakamahi teitei ake i te rōpū whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ngā tauira kirihou. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tauira kirihou, i tino whakatauria te wheako o te whakamahi i te AR-TCPT i roto i te mahi whakairo niho. Kei roto i ngā aromatawai te māramatanga, te tirohanga, te tirotiro, te whakahoki, te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu, me te kanorau o ngā tirohanga. Ko ngā painga o te whakamahi i te AR-TCPT ko te māramatanga tere, te whakatere pai, te penapena wā, te whakawhanaketanga o ngā pūkenga whakairo i mua i te haumanu, te kapinga whānui, te ako pai ake, te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pukapuka ako, me te āhua taunekeneke, ngahau, me te whai kōrero o te wheako. Ka āwhina hoki te AR-TCPT i te taunekeneke me ētahi atu taputapu mahi, ā, ka whakarato i ngā tirohanga mārama mai i ngā tirohanga maha.
E ai ki te Pikitia 7, i whakaarohia e AR-TCPT tētahi atu kōrero i roto i te pātai 20: me whai atanga kaiwhakamahi whakairoiro whānui e whakaatu ana i ngā mahi katoa o te whakairo niho hei āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te mahi whakairo niho. He mea nui te whakaaturanga o te tukanga whakairo niho katoa ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakairo niho i mua i te rongoā i ngā tūroro. I whiwhi te rōpū whakamātautau i te kaute teitei rawa atu i te Q13, he pātai taketake e pā ana ki te āwhina i te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakairo niho me te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga kaiwhakamahi i mua i te rongoā i ngā tūroro, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o tēnei taputapu i roto i te mahi whakairo niho. E hiahia ana ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakamahi i ngā pūkenga i akohia e rātou i roto i te taiao haumanu. Heoi, me whai rangahau whai muri hei aromatawai i te whanaketanga me te whai huatanga o ngā pūkenga whakairo niho tuturu. I pātai te Pātai 6 mēnā ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tauira kirihou me te AR-TCTP mēnā e tika ana, ā, ko ngā whakautu ki tēnei pātai i whakaatu i te rerekētanga nui rawa atu i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua. Hei taupānga pūkoro, i kitea he watea ake te whakamahi a AR-TCPT ki ngā tauira kirihou. Heoi, he uaua tonu te whakamatau i te whai huatanga mātauranga o ngā taupānga AR i runga i te wheako kaiwhakamahi anake. Me whai rangahau anō hei aromatawai i te pānga o AR-TCTP ki ngā papa niho kua oti. Heoi, i roto i tēnei rangahau, ko ngā whakatauranga wheako kaiwhakamahi teitei o AR-TCPT e tohu ana i tōna pūmanawa hei taputapu whai hua.
E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau whakatairite he pai te AR-TCPT hei huarahi kē atu, hei tāpiri atu rānei ki ngā tauira kirihou tuku iho i roto i ngā tari niho, nā te mea i whiwhi whakatauranga pai rawa atu i runga i te wheako kaiwhakamahi. Heoi, me arotake anō e ngā kaiako o te wheua whakairo waenga me te wheua whakamutunga te whakatau i tōna hiranga. Hei tāpiri, me tātari hoki te awe o ngā rerekētanga takitahi i roto i ngā pūkenga tirohanga ā-wāhi ki te tukanga whakairo me te niho whakamutunga. He rerekē ngā pūkenga niho i ia tangata, i ia tangata, ka pā ki te tukanga whakairo me te niho whakamutunga. Nō reira, me nui ake ngā rangahau hei whakamatau i te whai huatanga o te AR-TCPT hei taputapu mō te mahi whakairo niho, me te mārama ki te tūranga whakarerekē me te takawaenga o te tono AR i roto i te tukanga whakairo. Me arotahi ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei ki te aromatawai i te whanaketanga me te aromatawai i ngā taputapu āhua niho mā te whakamahi i te hangarau HoloLens AR matatau.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, e whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau i te kaha o te AR-TCPT hei taputapu mō te mahi whakairo niho, nā te mea e whakarato ana i tētahi wheako ako auaha me te taunekeneke ki ngā ākonga. Ki te whakatauritea ki te rōpū tauira kirihou tuku iho, i whakaatuhia e te rōpū AR-TCPT he nui ake ngā kaute wheako kaiwhakamahi, tae atu ki ngā painga pēnei i te tere ake o te mārama, te whakapai ake i te ako, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pukapuka ako. Mā te hangarau mōhio me te ngāwari o te whakamahi, ka tukuna e te AR-TCPT tētahi huarahi pai hei whakakapi i ngā taputapu kirihou tuku iho, ā, ka taea te āwhina i ngā tauhou ki te whakairo 3D. Heoi, me whai rangahau anō hei aromatawai i tōna whai huatanga mātauranga, tae atu ki tōna pānga ki ngā pūkenga whakairo a te tangata me te ine i ngā niho whakairo.
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Wā tuku: Hakihea-25-2023