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Kei te tere tipu haere ngā tono o te matauranga horihori haumanu (AI), engari he iti noa ngā whakaakoranga e tukuna ana e ngā marautanga kura hauora o nāianei e kapi ana i tēnei kaupapa. I konei ka whakaahuahia e mātou tētahi akoranga whakangungu matauranga horihori i whakawhanakehia e mātou, i tukuna hoki ki ngā ākonga hauora o Kanata, ā, ka tukuna atu hoki he taunakitanga mō ngā whakangungu ā muri ake nei.
Ka taea e te mātauranga horihori (AI) i roto i te rongoā te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te wāhi mahi, me te āwhina i te whakatau kaupapa haumanu. Hei ārahi haumaru i te whakamahinga o te mātauranga horihori, me mārama ngā tākuta ki te mātauranga horihori. He maha ngā kōrero e tautoko ana i te whakaako i ngā ariā AI1, pērā i te whakamārama i ngā tauira AI me ngā tukanga manatoko2. Heoi, he iti noa ngā mahere hanganga kua whakatinanahia, inā koa i te taumata motu. Pinto dos Santos et al.3. 263 ngā ākonga hauora i uiuitia, ā, 71% i whakaae me whakangungu rātou i roto i te mātauranga horihori. Ko te whakaako i te mātauranga horihori ki tētahi hunga hauora me whai hoahoa ātaahua e whakakotahi ana i ngā ariā hangarau me ngā ariā kore-hangarau mō ngā ākonga he maha ngā wā he nui ō rātou mōhiotanga o mua. Ka whakaahuahia e mātou ō mātou wheako ki te tuku i tētahi raupapa awheawhe AI ki ngā rōpū ākonga hauora e toru, ā, ka tuku taunakitanga mō te mātauranga hauora ā muri ake nei i roto i te AI.
E toru ngā wā i tū ai tā mātou awheawhe Whakataki ki te Matauranga Horihori i roto i te Rongoā, e rima wiki te roa, mō ngā ākonga hauora. Kei te Pikitia 1 te rārangi wā mō ia awheawhe, me te whakamārama poto mō ngā huringa ki te akoranga. E toru ngā whāinga ako matua o tā mātou akoranga: te mārama o ngā ākonga ki te tukatuka raraunga i roto i ngā tono matauranga horihori, te tātari i ngā tuhinga matauranga horihori mō ngā tono haumanu, me te whakamahi i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te mahi tahi me ngā miihini e whakawhanake ana i te matauranga horihori.
Ko te kikorangi te kaupapa o te kauhau, ā, ko te kikorangi mārama te wā pātai me te whakautu taunekeneke. Ko te wāhanga hina te kaupapa matua o te arotake tuhinga poto. Ko ngā wāhanga karaka he rangahau take kua tīpakohia e whakaahua ana i ngā tauira, i ngā tikanga rānei o te matauranga horihori. He akoranga hōtaka ārahi te kakariki i hangaia hei whakaako i te matauranga horihori hei whakaoti rapanga haumanu me te aromatawai i ngā tauira. Ka rerekē te ihirangi me te roa o ngā awheawhe i runga i te aromatawai i ngā hiahia o ngā ākonga.
I tū te awheawhe tuatahi ki Te Whare Wānanga o British Columbia mai i Pēpuere ki Āperira 2019, ā, i pai ngā urupare a ngā kaiuru e 84. Nā te COVID-19, i tū te awheawhe tuarua i te marama o Oketopa-Whiringa-ā-rangi 2020, me te 222 ngā ākonga hauora me te 3 ngā kainoho mai i ngā kura hauora e 8 o Kanata i rēhita. Kua tukuna ake ngā kiriata whakaaturanga me te waehere ki tētahi pae urunga tuwhera (http://ubcaimed.github.io). Ko te urupare matua mai i te putanga tuatahi ko te tino kaha o ngā kauhau me te tino ariā o ngā rauemi. Ko te mahi ki ngā rohe wā e ono rerekē o Kanata he wero anō. Nō reira, i whakapotohia e te awheawhe tuarua ia wāhanga ki te 1 hāora, i whakangawari i ngā rauemi akoranga, i tāpiri atu i ētahi atu rangahau take, ā, i hangaia he kaupapa paerewa e āhei ai ngā kaiuru ki te whakaoti i ngā wāhanga waehere me te iti o te patuiro (Pouaka 1). Ko ngā urupare matua mai i te putanga tuarua ko te urupare pai mō ngā mahi hōtaka me te tono kia whakaatu i te whakamahere mō tētahi kaupapa ako mīhini. Nō reira, i roto i tā mātou awheawhe tuatoru, i tū mariko mō ngā ākonga hauora 126 i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi ki Paenga-whāwhā 2021, i whakaurua e mātou ētahi atu mahi waehere tauwhitiwhiti me ngā wā urupare kaupapa hei whakaatu i te pānga o te whakamahi i ngā ariā awheawhe ki ngā kaupapa.
Tātari Raraunga: He mara ako i roto i ngā tatauranga e tautuhi ana i ngā tauira whai tikanga i roto i ngā raraunga mā te tātari, te tukatuka, me te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā tauira raraunga.
Te keri raraunga: te tukanga tautuhi me te tango raraunga. I roto i te horopaki o te matauranga horihori, he nui tonu tēnei, me ngā taurangi maha mō ia tauira.
Te whakaiti i te whānuitanga: Ko te tukanga o te whakawhiti raraunga he maha ngā āhuatanga takitahi ki ngā āhuatanga iti ake, me te pupuri tonu i ngā āhuatanga nui o te huinga raraunga taketake.
Ngā Āhuatanga (i roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga horihori): ngā āhuatanga ine o tētahi tauira. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia ki te "āhuatanga" me te "taurangi".
Mahere Whakahohenga Rōrahi: He tikanga e whakamahia ana hei whakamārama i ngā tauira matauranga horihori (ina koa ko ngā whatunga io honohono), e tātari ana i te tukanga o te arotau i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te whatunga hei tautuhi i ngā rohe raraunga, i ngā whakaahua rānei e tino matapae ana.
Tauira Paerewa: He tauira AI o nāianei kua whakangungua i mua ki te mahi i ngā mahi ōrite.
Te whakamātautau (i roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga horihori): te mātakitaki me pēhea te mahi a tētahi tauira i tētahi mahi mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga kāore anō kia tūtakihia i mua.
Whakangungu (i roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga horihori): Te whakarato i tētahi tauira me ngā raraunga me ngā hua kia taea ai e te tauira te whakarerekē i ōna tawhā o roto kia pai ake ai tōna kaha ki te mahi i ngā mahi mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga hou.
Wēkere: huinga raraunga. I roto i te ako mīhini, ko ia huānga huinga he āhuatanga ahurei o te tauira.
Kei te Ripanga 1 ngā akoranga hou mō Paenga-whāwhā 2021, tae atu ki ngā whāinga ako kua whakaritea mō ia kaupapa. Ko tēnei awheawhe he mea hanga mō te hunga hou ki te taumata hangarau, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he mōhiotanga pāngarau i tua atu i te tau tuatahi o te tohu paetahi hauora. I whakawhanakehia te akoranga e te 6 ngā ākonga hauora me te 3 ngā kaiako whai tohu matatau i roto i te hangarau. Kei te whakawhanake ngā miihini i te ariā matauranga horihori hei whakaako, ā, kei te ako ngā ākonga hauora i ngā rauemi e tika ana mō te haumanu.
Kei roto i ngā awheawhe ngā kauhau, ngā rangahau take, me ngā kaupapa ārahi. I te kauhau tuatahi, ka arotakehia e mātou ngā ariā kua tohua mō te tātari raraunga i roto i te koiora tatauranga, tae atu ki te whakaaturanga raraunga, te whakatauira logistic, me te whakatairite i ngā tatauranga whakaahua me te whakauru. Ahakoa ko te tātari raraunga te tūāpapa o te matauranga horihori, ka whakakorehia e mātou ngā kaupapa pēnei i te keri raraunga, te whakamātautau hiranga, te whakaaturanga taunekeneke rānei. Nā te iti o te wā tēnei, ā, nā te mea hoki kua whakangungua ētahi ākonga paetahi i roto i te koiora tatauranga, ā, i hiahia rātou ki te kapi i ngā kaupapa ako mīhini ahurei ake. Ka whakaurua e te kauhau i muri mai ngā tikanga hou, ā, ka matapakihia te whakatakotoranga rapanga AI, ngā painga me ngā herenga o ngā tauira AI, me te whakamātautau tauira. Ka tāpirihia ngā kauhau e ngā tuhinga me te rangahau mahi mō ngā taputapu matauranga horihori o nāianei. Ka whakanuia e mātou ngā pūkenga e hiahiatia ana hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga me te whaihua o tētahi tauira hei aro atu ki ngā pātai haumanu, tae atu ki te mārama ki ngā herenga o ngā taputapu matauranga horihori o nāianei. Hei tauira, i tono mātou ki ngā ākonga kia whakamārama i ngā aratohu whara upoko o ngā tamariki i whakatakotoria e Kupperman et al., 5 i whakatinana i tētahi raupapatanga rākau whakatau matauranga horihori hei whakatau mena ka whai hua te matawai CT i runga i te whakamātautau a te tākuta. Ka whakanuia e mātou he tauira noa tēnei o te AI e whakarato ana i ngā tātaritanga matapae mō ngā tākuta ki te whakamārama, kaua ki te whakakapi i ngā tākuta.
I roto i ngā tauira hōtaka bootstrap pūtake tuwhera e wātea ana (https://github.com/ubcaimed/ubcaimed.github.io/tree/master/programming_examples), ka whakaaturia e mātou me pēhea te mahi tātari raraunga tūhura, te whakaiti i te whānuitanga, te uta tauira paerewa, me te whakangungu me te whakamātautau. Ka whakamahia e mātou ngā pukatuhi Google Colaboratory (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA), e āhei ai te whakahaere i te waehere Python mai i tētahi pūtirotiro tukutuku. I roto i te Pikitia 2, ka whakaratohia he tauira o tētahi mahi hōtaka. Kei roto i tēnei mahi te matapae i ngā mate pukupuku mā te whakamahi i te Wisconsin Open Breast Imaging Dataset6 me tētahi raupapatanga rākau whakatau.
Whakaatuhia ngā kaupapa puta noa i te wiki mō ngā kaupapa e pā ana, me te tīpako i ngā tauira mai i ngā tono AI kua whakaputaina. Ka whakaurua noa ngā huānga kaupapa mēnā e whakaarohia ana he mea tika hei whakarato māramatanga ki ngā mahi haumanu ā muri ake nei, pērā i te aromatawai i ngā tauira hei whakatau mēnā kua rite mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā whakamātautau haumanu. Ka mutu ēnei tauira i roto i tētahi tono whānui e whakarōpū ana i ngā pukupuku hei pai, hei kino rānei i runga i ngā tawhā whakaahua hauora.
Te rerekētanga o ngā mōhiotanga o mua. He rerekē te taumata o te mōhiotanga pāngarau o ā mātou kaiuru. Hei tauira, kei te rapu ngā ākonga whai papamuri hangarau matatau i ngā rauemi hōhonu ake, pērā i te mahi i ā rātou ake panoni Fourier. Heoi, kāore e taea te matapaki i te rauropi Fourier i roto i te akomanga nā te mea me mōhio hōhonu ki te tukatuka tohu.
Te rerenga atu o te hunga e haere mai ana. I heke te tokomaha e haere mai ana ki ngā hui whai muri, inā koa i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga ipurangi. Ko tētahi otinga pea ko te aroturuki i te tokomaha e haere mai ana me te whakarato i tētahi tiwhikete whakaoti. E mōhiotia ana ngā kura hauora ki te whakamana i ngā tuhinga o ngā mahi ako waho o ngā ākonga, ka taea te whakatenatena i ngā ākonga ki te whai i tētahi tohu.
Hoahoa Akoranga: Nā te mea he maha ngā wāhanga iti o te AI, he uaua pea te whiriwhiri i ngā ariā matua o te hohonu me te whānui e tika ana. Hei tauira, he kaupapa nui te haere tonu o te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu AI mai i te taiwhanga ki te whare hauora. Ahakoa e kapi ana mātou i te tukatuka raraunga i mua, te hanga tauira, me te whakamana, kāore mātou e whakauru i ngā kaupapa pēnei i te tātari raraunga nui, te whakaaturanga taunekeneke, te whakahaere whakamātautau haumanu AI rānei, engari ka arotahi mātou ki ngā ariā AI tino ahurei. Ko tā mātou kaupapa ārahi he whakapai ake i te pānui me te tuhituhi, ehara i te pūkenga. Hei tauira, he mea nui te mārama ki te tukanga o te tauira i ngā āhuatanga whakauru mō te whakamaoritanga. Ko tētahi huarahi ki te mahi i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā mahere whakahohenga rōnaki, ka taea te whakaatu ko ēhea ngā rohe o ngā raraunga ka taea te matapae. Heoi, me whakamahi tēnei i te tātaitanga maha-taurangi, ā, kāore e taea te whakauru8. He uaua te whakawhanake i tētahi kupu noa nā te mea i ngana mātou ki te whakamārama me pēhea te mahi me ngā raraunga hei whārite me te kore he tikanga pāngarau. Kia mahara he rite te tikanga o ngā kupu rerekē, hei tauira, i roto i te mate urutā, ka whakaahuahia he "āhuatanga" hei "taurangi" "huanga" rānei.
Te pupuri mātauranga. Nā te mea he iti te whakamahinga o te AI, kāore anō kia kitea te nui o te pupuri mātauranga a ngā kaiuru. He maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki ngā marautanga kura hauora ki te whakahokinga wāwāhi hei whakapakari i te mātauranga i ngā wā hurihanga mahi,9 ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki te mātauranga AI.
He mea nui ake te ngaiotanga i te pānui me te tuhituhi. Kāore i te tino uaua te hanga o te rauemi, he raruraru tēnei i te whakarewatanga o ngā akoranga haumanu mō te mātauranga horihori. I roto i ngā tauira hōtaka, ka whakamahia e mātou he tauira hōtaka e āhei ai ngā kaiuru ki te whakakī i ngā āpure me te whakahaere i te pūmanawa me te kore e hiahia ki te whakaaro me pēhea te whakarite i tētahi taiao hōtaka katoa.
Ngā āwangawanga mō te mātauranga horihori kua arohia: He āwangawanga whānui kei whakakapia ētahi mahi haumanu e te mātauranga horihori3. Hei aro atu ki tēnei take, ka whakamāramahia e mātou ngā herenga o te AI, tae atu ki te meka e hiahia ana te nuinga o ngā hangarau AI kua whakaaetia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te tirotiro a te tākuta11. Ka whakanuia hoki e mātou te hiranga o te whakaaro pōhēhē nā te mea he ngāwari ngā rauropi ki te whakaaro pōhēhē, inā koa mēnā kāore te huinga raraunga i te kanorau12. Nō reira, ka taea te whakatauira hē i tētahi rōpū iti, ka arahi ki ngā whakataunga haumanu kore tika.
Kei te wātea ngā rauemi ki te marea: Kua waihangahia e mātou ngā rauemi e wātea ana ki te marea, tae atu ki ngā kiriata kauhau me te waehere. Ahakoa he iti te urunga atu ki ngā ihirangi tukutahi nā ngā rohe wā, he tikanga watea ngā ihirangi pūtake tuwhera mō te ako kore tukutahi nā te mea kāore e wātea ana te tohungatanga AI i ngā kura hauora katoa.
Te Mahi Tahi ā-Matauranga: He kaupapa tahi tēnei awheawhe i tīmatahia e ngā ākonga hauora hei whakarite akoranga me ngā miihini. E whakaatu ana tēnei i ngā whai wāhitanga mahi tahi me ngā āputa mātauranga i ngā wāhanga e rua, e āhei ai ngā kaiuru ki te mārama ki te tūranga pea ka taea e rātou te whai wāhi atu ā muri ake nei.
Te tautuhi i ngā pūkenga matua o te AI. Mā te tautuhi i tētahi rārangi o ngā pūkenga ka whakaratohia he hanganga paerewa ka taea te whakauru ki roto i ngā marautanga hauora e hangai ana ki ngā pūkenga o nāianei. Kei te whakamahia e tēnei awheawhe ngā Taumata Whāinga Ako 2 (Mārama), 3 (Whakamahinga), me te 4 (Tātari) o te Tātaritanga a Bloom. Mā te whai rauemi i ngā taumata teitei ake o te whakarōpūtanga, pērā i te waihanga kaupapa, ka taea te whakapakari ake i te mātauranga. Me mahi tahi tēnei me ngā tohunga haumanu ki te whakatau me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā kaupapa AI ki ngā rerengamahi haumanu, me te aukati i te whakaako i ngā kaupapa tāruarua kua whakaurua kētia ki roto i ngā marautanga hauora paerewa.
Waihangahia ngā rangahau take mā te whakamahi i te AI. Pērā i ngā tauira haumanu, ka taea e te ako e ahu mai ana i ngā take te whakapakari i ngā ariā whakarāpopoto mā te whakaatu i tō rātou hiranga ki ngā pātai haumanu. Hei tauira, i tātarihia e tētahi rangahau awheawhe te pūnaha kitenga retinopathy mate huka AI 13 a Google hei tautuhi i ngā wero i te ara mai i te taiwhanga ki te whare hauora, pērā i ngā whakaritenga whakamana o waho me ngā ara whakaaetanga ture.
Whakamahia te ako wheako: Me arotahi te mahi me te whakamahi tonu i ngā pūkenga hangarau kia matatau ai, he rite ki ngā wheako ako hurihuri o ngā tauira haumanu. Ko tētahi otinga pea ko te tauira akomanga hurihuri, kua pūrongohia hei whakapai ake i te pupuri mātauranga i roto i te mātauranga hangarau14. I roto i tēnei tauira, ka arotake takitahi ngā ākonga i ngā rauemi ariā, ā, ka whakatapua te wā akomanga ki te whakaoti rapanga mā roto i ngā rangahau take.
Te whakawhānui ake i ngā kaupapa maha: E whakaaro ana mātou ki te whakamahi i te AI e uru ana ki te mahi tahi puta noa i ngā kaupapa maha, tae atu ki ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga hauora tautoko me ngā taumata whakangungu rerekē. Nō reira, me whakawhanake pea ngā marautanga ma te kōrero tahi me ngā kaiako o ngā tari rerekē kia rite ai ā rātou ihirangi ki ngā momo wāhanga tiaki hauora.
He hangarau matatau te mātauranga horihori, ā, e pā ana ōna ariā matua ki te pāngarau me te pūtaiao rorohiko. He wero motuhake te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi hauora kia mārama ki te mātauranga horihori i roto i te whiriwhiri ihirangi, te hiranga haumanu, me ngā tikanga tuku. Ko tā mātou e tumanako nei ka āwhina ngā māramatanga i riro mai i ngā awheawhe AI i roto i te Mātauranga i ngā kaiwhakaako o muri mai ki te awhi i ngā huarahi auaha ki te whakauru i te AI ki roto i te mātauranga hauora.
He pūmanawa tuwhera te tuhinga a Google Colaboratory Python, ā, kei te wātea mai i: https://github.com/ubcaimed/ubcaimed.github.io/tree/master/.
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Bede, E. et al. Aromatawai tangata-arotahi o tētahi pūnaha ako hohonu i whakatinanahia i roto i te whare hauora hei kimi i te retinopathy mate huka. Ngā Whakataunga o te Huihuinga CHI 2020 mō ngā Take Tangata i roto i ngā Pūnaha Rorohiko (2020).
Kerr, B. Te akomanga hurihuri i roto i te mātauranga hangarau: He arotake rangahau. Ngā Mahi o te Huihuinga ā-Ao mō te Ako Mahi Tahi Taunekeneke o te tau 2015 (2015).
E mihi ana ngā kaituhi ki a Danielle Walker, ki a Tim Salcudin, me Peter Zandstra o te Rōpū Rangahau Whakaahua Koiora me te Maramarama Horihori i te Whare Wānanga o British Columbia mō tā rātou tautoko me tā rātou pūtea.
Ko RH, PP, ZH, RS me MA te kawenga mō te whakawhanake i ngā ihirangi whakaakoranga o te awheawhe. Ko RH me PP te kawenga mō te whakawhanake i ngā tauira hōtaka. Ko KYF, OY, MT me PW te kawenga mō te whakarite i ngā mahi whakahaere o te kaupapa me te tātari i ngā awheawhe. Ko RH, OY, MT, RS te kawenga mō te waihanga i ngā whika me ngā ripanga. Ko RH, KYF, PP, ZH, OY, MY, PW, TL, MA, RS te kawenga mō te tuhi me te whakatika i te tuhinga.
E mihi ana a Communication Medicine ki a Carolyn McGregor, ki a Fabio Moraes, me Aditya Borakati mō ā rātou takoha ki te arotake i tēnei mahi.
Te wā tuku: 19-Pepuere-2024