Kāore a Rui Diogo e mahi ana mā tētahi kamupene, kāore e pupuri hea, kāore hoki e whiwhi pūtea mai i tētahi whakahaere, i tētahi whakahaere rānei e whai hua mai ana i tēnei tuhinga, ā, kāore he mea āna hei whakaatu atu i tua atu i tana tūranga mātauranga. Ētahi atu hononga e tika ana.
Kua horapa te kaikiri ā-pūnaha me te whakahāwea ira tangata ki roto i te ao mai anō i te tīmatanga o te ahuwhenua, i te wā i tīmata ai te noho o te tangata ki te wāhi kotahi mō ngā wā roa. Ko ngā kaipūtaiao o te Hauāuru o mua, pērā i a Aristotle i Kariki onamata, i whakaakona e te whakahāwea iwi me te whakahāwea wahine i horapa ki roto i ō rātou hapori. Neke atu i te 2,000 tau i muri i te mahi a Aristotle, i whakawhānuihia e te tohunga taiao o Peretānia a Charles Darwin ngā whakaaro whakahāwea ira tangata me te whakahāwea iwi i rongohia e ia, i pānuihia hoki e ia i tōna tamarikitanga ki te ao tūroa.
I whakaatuhia e Darwin ana whakaaro whakahāwea hei meka pūtaiao, hei tauira i roto i tana pukapuka o te tau 1871 ko The Descent of Man, i whakaahuahia ai e ia tana whakapono he pai ake te whanaketanga o ngā tāne i ngā wāhine, he pai ake te Pākehā i ngā tāngata ehara i te Pākehā, he pai ake ngā kaupapa whakarōpū, ngā iwi whānui i ngā hapori iti taurite. Kei te whakaakona tonutia i roto i ngā kura me ngā whare taonga hītori taiao i ēnei rā, i tautohe ia ko ngā "whakapaipai kino me ngā waiata kino e karakiatia ana e te nuinga o ngā tāngata whenua" kāore i tino whanake pērā i ētahi kararehe, pērā i ngā manu, ā, kāore hoki i tino whanake pērā i ētahi kararehe, pērā i te makimaki o te Ao Hou, a Pithecia satanas.
I whakaputaina te pukapuka "The Descent of Man" i te wā o te hurihanga pāpori i te whenua o Ūropi. I Parani, i puta te rōpū kaimahi o Paris Commune ki ngā tiriti ki te tono i ngā huringa pāpori nui, tae atu ki te whakakorenga o te mana whakahaere pāpori. Ko te whakapae a Darwin ko te hereheretanga o te hunga rawakore, te hunga ehara i te Pākehā, me ngā wāhine he hua tūturu o te ahunga whakamua o te whanaketanga he waiata pono ki ngā taringa o ngā rangatira me te hunga whai mana i roto i ngā porowhita pūtaiao. E tuhituhi ana te kaituhi hītori pūtaiao a Janet Brown ko te pikinga tere o Darwin i roto i te hapori o Wikitōria i ahu mai i āna tuhinga, ehara i te mea nā āna tuhinga whakahāwea iwi me te whakahāwea ira tangata.
Ehara i te mea tūpono noa te whakawāteatanga o Tāwini ki tētahi tangihanga ā-motu i Westminster Abbey, he tohu whakanuia mō te mana o Peretānia, ā, i whakanuia hoki i te aroaro o te marea hei tohu mō te "rangatiratanga angitu o Peretānia ki te ao katoa i te taiao me te ao tūroa i te wā roa o te kingitanga o Wikitōria."
Ahakoa ngā panonitanga nui o te pāpori i roto i ngā tau 150 kua pahure ake nei, kei te noho tonu te kōrero whakahāwea ira tangata me te whakahāwea iwi i roto i te pūtaiao, te rongoā, me te mātauranga. Hei ahorangi me te kairangahau i Te Whare Wānanga o Howard, kei te hiahia ahau ki te whakakotahi i aku mara ako matua—koiora me te mātauranga tangata—hei matapaki i ngā take pāpori whānui. I roto i tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina e au ināianei me taku hoa mahi a Fatima Jackson me ētahi tauira hauora tokotoru a Howard, e whakaatu ana mātou ehara te reo whakahāwea ira tangata me te whakahāwea iwi i te mea o mua: kei te noho tonu i roto i ngā tuhinga pūtaiao, ngā pukapuka ako, ngā whare taonga, me ngā rauemi mātauranga.
Ko tētahi tauira o te whakaaro pōhēhē kei roto tonu i te hapori pūtaiao o ēnei rā, ko te whakaaro o te nuinga o ngā kōrero mō te whanaketanga o te tangata he whanaketanga rārangi mai i te hunga kiri mangu, he "tangata tawhito" ki te hunga kiri mārama, he "matatau" ake. E whakaatu ana ngā whare taonga hītori taiao, ngā paetukutuku, me ngā wāhi tuku iho a UNESCO i tēnei ia.
Ahakoa kāore ēnei whakaahuatanga e hangai ana ki ngā meka pūtaiao, kāore tēnei e aukati i te horapa tonu. I ēnei rā, tata ki te 11% o te taupori he "mā," arā, he Pākehā. Ko ngā whakaahua e whakaatu ana i ngā huringa raina o te tae kiri kāore e whakaata tika ana i te hītori o te whanaketanga o te tangata, i te āhua whānui rānei o te tangata i ēnei rā. Hei tāpiri, kāore he taunakitanga pūtaiao mō te mārama haere o te kiri. I whanake te tae kiri mārama i roto i ētahi rōpū i heke ki ngā rohe i waho o Āwherika, i ngā rohe teitei, i ngā rohe iti rānei, pērā i Amerika Te Raki, i Ūropi, me Āhia.
Kei te horapa tonu ngā kōrero whakahāwea ira tangata ki te ao mātauranga. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi pepa i te tau 2021 mō tētahi kōiwi tangata rongonui o mua i kitea i tētahi wāhi keri whenua i ngā Maunga Atapuerca o Pāniora, i tirotirohia e ngā kairangahau ngā niho o ngā toenga, ā, i kitea ko ngā niho o tētahi tamaiti 9 ki te 11 tau te pakeke. Ngā niho o tētahi kōtiro. I whakaarohia i mua ko te kōiwi no tētahi tama nā te mea i roto i tētahi pukapuka hokohoko nui i te tau 2002 nā te tohunga paleoanthropology a José María Bermúdez de Castro, tētahi o ngā kaituhi o te pepa. Ko te mea tino kitea ko te whakaae a ngā kaituhi o te rangahau kāore he pūtake pūtaiao hei tautuhi i te kōiwi he tāne. "Nā te tūponotanga" te whakatau, i tuhia e rātou.
Engari ehara tēnei kōwhiringa i te mea "tūpono noa". Ko ngā tāne anake te nuinga o ngā kōrero mō te whanaketanga o te tangata. I roto i ngā wā torutoru e whakaatuhia ana ngā wāhine, he maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia rātou he whaea mangere, kaua he kaihanga auaha, he kaitoi ana, he kaikohi kai rānei, ahakoa ngā taunakitanga a te tangata e whakaatu ana ko ngā wāhine o mua koia tonu.
Ko tētahi atu tauira o ngā kōrero whakahāwea ira tangata i roto i te pūtaiao ko te haere tonu o ngā kairangahau ki te tautohetohe mō te whanaketanga "pōhēhē" o te orgasm wahine. I hangaia e Darwin tētahi kōrero mō te whanaketanga o ngā wāhine kia "mā" me te noho puku i roto i te moepuku, ahakoa i whakaae ia i roto i te nuinga o ngā momo kararehe, ka whiriwhiri kaha ngā wāhine i ā rātou hoa. I a ia e noho ana i te wā o Wikitōria, i kitea e ia he uaua ki te whakaae ka taea e ngā wāhine te whai wāhi kaha ki te whiriwhiri hoa, nō reira i whakapono ia ko tēnei tūranga he mea rāhui mā ngā wāhine i te tīmatanga o te whanaketanga o te tangata. E ai ki a Darwin, i muri mai ka tīmata ngā tāne ki te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhine i roto i te moepuku.
E kī ana te hunga whakahē i te ira tangata he "mā" ake ngā wāhine, ā, he "iti ake te moepuku," tae atu ki te whakaaro he mea ngaro te whanaketanga o te orgasm o te wahine, kua whakahēngia e ngā taunakitanga maha. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake te orgasm o ngā wāhine i ngā tāne, ā, i te toharite, he uaua ake, he wero ake, he kaha ake hoki ō rātou orgasm. Kāore i te tangohia te hiahia moepuku i roto i te tinana o ngā wāhine, engari e whakaaetia ana ngā whakaaro whakahāwea ira tangata hei meka pūtaiao.
He mea nui ngā rauemi mātauranga, tae atu ki ngā pukapuka ako me ngā matāra whakarārangi tinana e whakamahia ana e ngā ākonga pūtaiao me ngā ākonga hauora, ki te pupuri i ngā ariā kua whakaarohia i mua. Hei tauira, ko te putanga 2017 o Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, e whakamahia whānuitia ana e ngā ākonga hauora me ngā ākonga haumanu, kei roto tata ki te 180 ngā whakaahua o te tae kiri. O ēnei, ko te nuinga he tāne kiri mārama, ā, e rua noa iho e whakaatu ana i ngā tāngata he kiri "pango". Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te whakaaro ki te whakaatu i ngā tāne mā hei tauira whakarārangi tinana o te momo tangata, ā, kāore e whakaatu i te kanorau tinana katoa o te tangata.
Ka tāruatia anō hoki tēnei whakaaro e ngā kaituhi o ngā rauemi mātauranga tamariki i roto i ngā tuhinga pūtaiao, ngā whare taonga, me ngā pukapuka ako. Hei tauira, ko te uhi o tētahi pukapuka tae o te tau 2016 e kīia nei ko "The Evolution of Creatures" e whakaatu ana i te whanaketanga o te tangata i roto i tētahi ia rārangi: mai i ngā mea hanga "tūturu" he kiri pouri ki ngā tāngata o te Hauāuru "māori". Ka oti te whakaakoranga ina riro ngā tamariki e whakamahi ana i ēnei pukapuka hei kaipūtaiao, hei kairīpoata, hei kaitiaki whare taonga, hei kaitōrangapū, hei kaituhi, hei kaiwhakaahua rānei.
Ko tētahi āhuatanga matua o te whakahāwea iwi pūnaha me te whakahāwea ira tangata ko te whakapūmautanga o ēnei e te hunga kāore i te mōhio he whakaaro pōhēhē ā rātou kōrero me ā rātou whakatau. Ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te whawhai ki ngā whakaaro pōhēhē mō te whakahāwea iwi, te whakahāwea ira tangata, me te aro ki te Hauāuru mā te noho mataara me te kaha ki te tautuhi me te whakatika i ēnei awe i roto i ā rātou mahi. Mā te tuku i ngā kōrero hē kia haere tonu i roto i te pūtaiao, te rongoā, te mātauranga, me te pāpāho, ehara i te mea ka whakapūmau noa i ēnei kōrero mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai, engari ka whakapūmau anō hoki i te whakahāwea, te tukino, me ngā mahi nanakia i whakatikahia e rātou i mua.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-11-2024