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Ko ngā niho te tohu tino tika mō te pakeketanga o te tinana tangata, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i te aromatawai pakeke ā-ture. Ko tā mātou whāinga he whakamana i ngā whakatau tata mō te pakeketanga niho e ahu mai ana i te keri raraunga mā te whakataurite i te tika o te whakatau tata me te mahi whakarōpūtanga o te paepae 18-tau ki ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā whakatau tata mō te pakeketanga e ahu mai ana i te keri raraunga. E 2657 ngā whakaahua irahiko whānui i kohia mai i ngā tāngata whenua Kōrea me Hapanihi i waenga i te 15 ki te 23 tau te pakeke. I wehea ēnei ki tētahi huinga whakangungu, kei roto i ia huinga he 900 ngā whakaahua irahiko Kōrea, me tētahi huinga whakamātautau ā-roto e 857 ngā whakaahua irahiko Hapanihi. I whakatauritea e mātou te tika me te whai huatanga o te whakarōpūtanga o ngā tikanga tuku iho ki ngā huinga whakamātautau o ngā tauira keri raraunga. He paku teitei ake te tika o te tikanga tuku iho i runga i te huinga whakamātautau ā-roto i tērā o te tauira keri raraunga, ā, he iti te rerekētanga (te hapa tino toharite <0.21 tau, te hapa tapawhā toharite pakiaka <0.24 tau). He rite anō hoki te mahi whakarōpūtanga mō te tapahi 18-tau i waenga i ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā tauira keri raraunga. Nō reira, ka taea te whakakapi i ngā tikanga tuku iho e ngā tauira keri raraunga ina whakahaerehia te aromatawai tau taihara mā te whakamahi i te pakeketanga o ngā niho molar tuarua me tuatoru o ngā taiohi me ngā pakeke rangatahi o Korea.
He whānui te whakamahinga o te whakatau tata i te pakeke o ngā niho i roto i te rongoā taihara me te mahi niho tamariki. Nā te hononga nui i waenga i te pakeketanga o te wā me te whanaketanga o ngā niho, he mea nui te aromatawai i te pakeketanga mā ngā wāhanga whanaketanga niho hei aromatawai i te pakeketanga o ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi1,2,3. Heoi, mō ngā taiohi, he iti noa iho ngā herenga o te whakatau tata i te pakeketanga o ngā niho nā te mea kua tata oti te tipu o ngā niho, engari ko ngā niho molar tuatoru. Ko te kaupapa ture o te whakatau i te pakeketanga o ngā taiohi me ngā taiohi he whakarato i ngā whakatau tata tika me ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao mō te mea kua eke rātou ki te pakeketanga. I roto i te mahi hauora-ture o ngā taiohi me ngā pakeke taiohi i Korea, i whakatau tatahia te pakeke mā te whakamahi i te tikanga a Lee, ā, i matapaetia he paepae ture o te 18 tau i runga i ngā raraunga i tukuna e Oh et al 5.
Ko te ako mīhini he momo mātauranga horihori (AI) e ako ana, e whakarōpū ana i ngā raraunga nui, e whakaoti rapanga ana i a ia anō, ā, e akiaki ana i te hōtaka raraunga. Ka taea e te ako mīhini te kimi i ngā tauira huna whai hua i roto i ngā rahinga raraunga nui6. He rerekē, ko ngā tikanga tawhito, he nui te mahi me te wā e pau ana, tera pea he herenga ina mahi ana ki ngā rahinga raraunga uaua he uaua ki te tukatuka ā-ringa7. Nō reira, he maha ngā rangahau kua mahia i ēnei wā tata nei mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau rorohiko hou hei whakaiti i ngā hapa tangata me te tukatuka pai i ngā raraunga maha-ahu8,9,10,11,12. Ina koa, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i te ako hohonu i roto i te tātari whakaahua hauora, ā, kua pūrongohia he maha ngā tikanga mō te whakatau i te tau mā te tātari aunoa i ngā whakaahua irirangi hei whakapai ake i te tika me te whai huatanga o te whakatau i te tau13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. Hei tauira, i whakawhanakehia e Halabi et al 13 tētahi pūnaha ako mīhini i runga i ngā whatunga io convolutional (CNN) hei whakatau i te pakeke o te angaanga mā te whakamahi i ngā whakaahua irirangi o ngā ringaringa o ngā tamariki. E whakaaro ana tēnei rangahau i tētahi tauira e whakamahi ana i te ako mīhini ki ngā whakaahua hauora, ā, e whakaatu ana ka taea e ēnei tikanga te whakapai ake i te tika o te tātaritanga. I whakatau tata a Li me ētahi atu i te pakeke mai i ngā whakaahua X-ray pelvic mā te whakamahi i te CNN ako hohonu, ā, i whakaritea ki ngā hua whakatau tata mā te whakamahi i te whakatau tata wāhanga whakapūmau. I kitea e rātou ko te tauira CNN ako hohonu i whakaatu i te mahi whakatau tata pakeke rite tonu ki te tauira whakatau tata tuku iho. I arotakehia e te rangahau a Guo me ētahi atu [15] te mahi whakarōpūtanga manawanui pakeke o te hangarau CNN i runga i ngā orthophoto niho, ā, i whakamāramahia e ngā hua o te tauira CNN he pai ake te mahi a te tangata i tana mahi whakarōpūtanga pakeke.
Ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau mō te whakatau tatai tau mā te whakamahi i te ako mīhini e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga ako hōhonu13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, he tika ake te whakatau tatai tau i runga i te ako hōhonu i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Heoi, he iti noa te whai wāhi o tēnei huarahi ki te whakaatu i te pūtake pūtaiao mō ngā whakatau tatai tau, pērā i ngā tohu tau e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakatau tatai. He tautohe ture anō hoki mō te hunga e whakahaere ana i ngā tirotiro. Nō reira, he uaua ki te whakaae ngā mana whakahaere me ngā mana whakawā ki te whakatau tatai tau i runga i te ako hōhonu. Ko te keri raraunga (DM) he tikanga ka taea te kimi i ngā mōhiohio e tumanakohia ana engari kāore i te tumanakohia hei tikanga mō te kimi i ngā hononga whai hua i waenga i ngā nui o ngā raraunga6,21,22. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te ako mīhini i roto i te keri raraunga, ā, e whakamahi ana te keri raraunga me te ako mīhini i ngā rauropi matua kotahi hei kimi i ngā tauira i roto i ngā raraunga. Ko te whakatau tatai tau mā te whakamahi i te whanaketanga niho e ahu mai ana i te aromatawai a te kaitirotiro i te pakeketanga o ngā niho ūnga, ā, ka whakaatuhia tēnei aromatawai hei wāhanga mō ia niho ūnga. Ka taea te whakamahi i te DM hei tātari i te hononga i waenga i te wāhanga aromatawai niho me te tau tūturu, ā, he kaha ki te whakakapi i te tātari tatauranga tuku iho. Nō reira, ki te whakamahia e tātou ngā tikanga DM ki te whakatau i te pakeketanga, ka taea e tātou te whakatinana i te ako mīhini ki te whakatau i te pakeketanga o te tākuta me te kore e manukanuka ki te kawenga ture. He maha ngā rangahau whakatairite kua whakaputaina mō ngā huarahi kē atu ki ngā tikanga ā-ringa tuku iho e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi tākuta me ngā tikanga EBM mō te whakatau i te pakeketanga o ngā niho. I whakaatu a Shen et al23 he tika ake te tauira DM i te tauira Camerer tuku iho. I whakamahia e Galibourg et al24 ngā tikanga DM rerekē hei matapae i te pakeketanga e ai ki te paearu Demirdjian25, ā, i whakaatuhia e ngā hua he pai ake te mahi a te tikanga DM i ngā tikanga Demirdjian me Willems i roto i te whakatau i te pakeketanga o te taupori Wīwī.
Hei whakatau tata i te pakeketanga niho o ngā taiohi me ngā taiohi Kōrea, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te tikanga 4 a Lee i roto i ngā mahi tātaritanga ā-ture Kōrea. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga te tātaritanga tatauranga tuku iho (pēnei i te whakatautau maha) hei tirotiro i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā tāngata Kōrea me te pakeketanga o te wā. I roto i tēnei rangahau, ko ngā tikanga whakatau tata tau i whiwhihia mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga tuku iho ka tautuhia ko ngā "tikanga tuku iho." He tikanga tuku iho te tikanga a Lee, ā, kua whakaūhia tōna tika e Oh et al. 5; heoi, kei te ruarua tonu te whaihua o te whakatau tata tau i runga i te tauira DM i roto i ngā mahi tātaritanga ā-ture Kōrea. Ko tā mātou whāinga he whakamana pūtaiao i te whai huatanga pea o te whakatau tata tau i runga i te tauira DM. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau ko (1) te whakataurite i te tika o ngā tauira DM e rua ki te whakatau tata i te pakeketanga niho me (2) te whakataurite i te mahi whakarōpūtanga o ngā tauira DM e 7 i te 18 tau te pakeke ki ērā i whiwhihia mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga tuku iho Te pakeketanga o ngā niho molar tuarua me tuatoru i ngā kauae e rua.
Ko ngā toharite me ngā paerewa rerekētanga o te tau ā-wā mā te wāhanga me te momo niho e whakaaturia ana i runga ipurangi i te Ripanga Tāpiri S1 (huinga whakangungu), te Ripanga Tāpiri S2 (huinga whakamātautau ā-roto), me te Ripanga Tāpiri S3 (huinga whakamātautau ā-waho). Ko ngā uara kappa mō te pono o te kaimātakitaki ā-roto me te kaimātakitaki ā-waenga i whiwhi mai i te huinga whakangungu ko 0.951 me 0.947, ia. Ko ngā uara P me ngā wā whakawhirinaki 95% mō ngā uara kappa e whakaaturia ana i te ripanga tāpiri ipurangi S4. I whakamāramatia te uara kappa he "tata tino pai", e rite ana ki ngā paearu a Landis me Koch26.
Ina whakatairitea te hapa tino toharite (MAE), he iti ake te pai o te tikanga tuku iho i te tauira DM mō ngā ira tangata katoa, ā, i roto i te huinga whakamātautau tāne o waho, engari ko te perceptron paparanga maha (MLP). Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tauira tuku iho me te tauira DM i runga i te huinga whakamātautau MAE o roto he 0.12–0.19 tau mō ngā tāne me te 0.17–0.21 tau mō ngā wāhine. Mō te pākahiko whakamātautau o waho, he iti ake ngā rerekētanga (0.001–0.05 tau mō ngā tāne me te 0.05–0.09 tau mō ngā wāhine). Hei tāpiri, he iti ake te hapa tapawhā toharite pūtake (RMSE) i te tikanga tuku iho, me ngā rerekētanga iti ake (0.17–0.24, 0.2–0.24 mō te huinga whakamātautau o roto tāne, me te 0.03–0.07, 0.04–0.08 mō te huinga whakamātautau o waho). ). He pai ake te mahi a te MLP i te Perceptron Paparanga Kotahi (SLP), engari ko te huinga whakamātautau o waho wahine. Mō te MAE me te RMSE, he teitei ake ngā kaute o te huinga whakamātautau o waho i te huinga whakamātautau o roto mō ngā ira tangata me ngā tauira katoa. Kei te Ripanga 1 me te Pikitia 1 ngā MAE me te RMSE katoa.
MAE me te RMSE o ngā tauira whakatauira tuku iho me te tauira keri raraunga. Hapa tino toharite MAE, hapa tapawhā toharite pūtake RMSE, perceptron paparanga kotahi SLP, perceptron paparanga maha MLP, tikanga CM tuku iho.
I whakaaturia te mahi whakarōpūtanga (me te tapahi o te 18 tau) o ngā tauira tuku iho me te DM i runga i te aro, te motuhaketanga, te uara matapae pai (PPV), te uara matapae kino (NPV), me te horahanga i raro i te pihi āhuatanga whakahaere kaiwhiwhi (AUROC) 27 (Ripanga 2, Pikitia 2 me te Pikitia Tāpiri 1 ipurangi). Mō te aro o te pākahiko whakamātautau ā-roto, ko ngā tikanga tuku iho te mea pai rawa atu i waenga i ngā tāne, ā, ko te mea kino rawa atu i waenga i ngā wāhine. Heoi, ko te rerekētanga o te mahi whakarōpūtanga i waenga i ngā tikanga tuku iho me te SD he 9.7% mō ngā tāne (MLP) me te 2.4% anake mō ngā wāhine (XGBoost). I roto i ngā tauira DM, i whakaatu te whakatauira logistic (LR) i te aro pai ake i waenga i ngā ira e rua. Mō te motuhaketanga o te huinga whakamātautau ā-roto, i kitea he pai te mahi a ngā tauira SD e whā i roto i ngā tāne, ko te tauira tuku iho te mea pai ake i waenga i ngā wāhine. Ko ngā rerekētanga o te mahi whakarōpūtanga mō ngā tāne me ngā wāhine he 13.3% (MLP) me te 13.1% (MLP), ia, e tohu ana ko te rerekētanga o te mahi whakarōpūtanga i waenga i ngā tauira he nui ake i te aro. I roto i ngā tauira DM, ko te mīhini tautoko vector (SVM), te rākau whakatau (DT), me ngā tauira ngahere matapōkere (RF) i tino pai te mahi i waenga i ngā tāne, ko te tauira LR ia i tino pai te mahi i waenga i ngā wāhine. Ko te AUROC o te tauira tuku iho me ngā tauira SD katoa i nui ake i te 0.925 (k-tata tata (KNN) i roto i ngā tāne), e whakaatu ana i te mahi whakarōpūtanga pai rawa atu i roto i te wehewehe i ngā tauira 18-tau te pakeke28. Mō te huinga whakamātautau o waho, he hekenga i roto i te mahi whakarōpūtanga e pā ana ki te aro, te motuhaketanga me te AUROC ki te whakataurite ki te huinga whakamātautau o roto. Heoi anō, ko te rerekētanga o te aro me te motuhaketanga i waenga i te mahi whakarōpūtanga o ngā tauira pai me te kino rawa atu i ahu mai i te 10% ki te 25%, ā, he nui ake i te rerekētanga i roto i te huinga whakamātautau o roto.
Te aro me te motuhaketanga o ngā tauira whakarōpūtanga keri raraunga ki te whakataurite ki ngā tikanga tuku iho me te tapahi o te 18 tau. KNN k tata tata, mīhini tautoko SVM, whakatauranga logistic LR, rākau whakatau DT, ngahere matapōkere RF, XGB XGBoost, MLP multilayer perceptron, tikanga CM tuku iho.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi o tēnei rangahau ko te whakataurite i te tika o ngā whakatau tataitanga tau niho i whiwhi mai i ngā tauira DM e whitu me ērā i whiwhi mā te whakamahi i te whakatautau tuku iho. I aromatawaitia te MAE me te RMSE i roto i ngā huinga whakamātautau ā-roto mō ngā ira e rua, ā, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tikanga tuku iho me te tauira DM i waenga i te 44 ki te 77 rā mō te MAE me te 62 ki te 88 rā mō te RMSE. Ahakoa he paku tika ake te tikanga tuku iho i roto i tēnei rangahau, he uaua ki te whakatau mēnā he hiranga haumanu, he hiranga mahi rānei tēnei rerekētanga iti. E whakaatu ana ēnei hua he tata rite te tika o te whakatau tataitanga tau niho mā te whakamahi i te tauira DM ki tērā o te tikanga tuku iho. He uaua te whakataurite tika ki ngā hua mai i ngā rangahau o mua nā te mea kāore anō kia whakatauritea e tētahi rangahau te tika o ngā tauira DM ki ngā tikanga tatauranga tuku iho mā te whakamahi i te tikanga kotahi o te tuhi niho i roto i te awhe tau kotahi i roto i tēnei rangahau. I whakatauritea e Galibourg et al24 te MAE me te RMSE i waenga i ngā tikanga tuku iho e rua (tikanga Demirjian25 me te tikanga Willems29) me te 10 tauira DM i roto i te taupori Wīwī i waenga i te 2 ki te 24 tau te pakeke. I rīpoatahia e rātou he tika ake ngā tauira DM katoa i ngā tikanga tuku iho, me ngā rerekētanga o te 0.20 me te 0.38 tau i roto i te MAE me te 0.25 me te 0.47 tau i roto i te RMSE ki te whakataurite ki ngā tikanga Willems me Demirdjian. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tauira SD me ngā tikanga tuku iho i whakaaturia i roto i te rangahau Halibourg e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā pūrongo maha30,31,32,33 kāore te tikanga Demirdjian e whakatau tika i te pakeke o ngā niho i roto i ngā taupori ehara i te hunga Wīwī o Kanata i ahu mai ai te rangahau. i roto i tēnei rangahau. I whakamahia e Tai et al 34 te pūnaha MLP ki te matapae i te pakeke o ngā niho mai i ngā whakaahua orthodontic Hainamana 1636, ā, i whakaritea tōna tika ki ngā hua o te tikanga Demirjian me Willems. I rīpoatahia e rātou he teitei ake te tika o te MLP i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tikanga Demirdjian me te tikanga tuku iho he <0.32 tau, ā, ko te tikanga Willems he 0.28 tau, he rite ki ngā hua o tēnei rangahau. He rite tonu ngā hua o ēnei rangahau o mua24,34 ki ngā hua o tēnei rangahau, ā, he rite tonu te tika o te whakatau i te tau o te tauira DM me te tikanga tuku iho. Heoi, i runga i ngā hua kua whakaaturia, ka taea e tātou te whakatau mā te āta whakaaro ko te whakamahinga o ngā tauira DM hei whakatau i te tau ka whakakapi pea i ngā tikanga o nāianei nā te korenga o ngā rangahau whakatairite me ngā rangahau tohutoro o mua. Me whai ake ngā rangahau whai muri e whakamahi ana i ngā tauira nui ake hei whakaū i ngā hua i whiwhihia i roto i tēnei rangahau.
I roto i ngā rangahau e whakamātautau ana i te tika o te SD i roto i te whakatau tata i te pakeke o ngā niho, i whakaatuhia e ētahi he tika ake i tā mātou rangahau. I whakamahia e Stepanovsky et al 35 ngā tauira SD e 22 ki ngā whakaahua X-ray panoramic o te 976 o ngā kainoho Czech i waenga i te 2.7 ki te 20.5 tau te pakeke, ā, i whakamatauria te tika o ia tauira. I aromatawaihia e rātou te whanaketanga o te katoa o ngā niho tuturu maui o runga me raro e 16 mā te whakamahi i ngā paearu whakarōpū i whakaarohia e Moorrees et al 36. Ko te MAE kei waenga i te 0.64 ki te 0.94 tau, ā, ko te RMSE kei waenga i te 0.85 ki te 1.27 tau, he tika ake i ngā tauira DM e rua i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau. I whakamahia e Shen et al23 te tikanga Cameriere ki te whakatau tata i te pakeke o ngā niho tuturu e whitu i roto i te kauae maui i roto i ngā kainoho Haina ki te rawhiti i waenga i te 5 ki te 13 tau te pakeke, ā, i whakaritea ki ngā tau i whakatau tatahia mā te whakamahi i te whakatau tata raina, SVM me RF. I whakaatuhia e rātou he nui ake te tika o ngā tauira DM e toru ki te whakataurite ki te tātai Cameriere tuku iho. He iti iho te MAE me te RMSE i roto i te rangahau a Shen i ērā i roto i te tauira DM i tēnei rangahau. Ko te pikinga ake o te tika o ngā rangahau a Stepanovsky et al. 35 me Shen et al. 23, tērā pea nā te whakaurunga o ngā kaupapa taitamariki ki roto i ā rātou tauira rangahau. Nā te mea ka tika ake ngā whakatau tata tau mō ngā kaiuru e tipu haere ana ngā niho i te mea ka piki ake te maha o ngā niho i te wā e whanake ana ngā niho, ka raru pea te tika o te tikanga whakatau tata tau ka puta mai i te wā he taitamariki ake ngā kaiuru o te rangahau. Hei tāpiri, he iti ake te hapa a te MLP i roto i te whakatau tata tau i ngā SLP, ko te tikanga he tika ake te MLP i te SLP. E kiia ana he pai ake te MLP mō te whakatau tata tau, nā ngā paparanga huna pea i roto i te MLP38. Heoi, he rerekētanga mō te tauira o waho o ngā wāhine (SLP 1.45, MLP 1.49). Ko te kitenga he tika ake te MLP i te SLP i roto i te aromatawai tau me whai rangahau whakamuri anō.
I whakaritea hoki te mahi whakarōpū o te tauira DM me te tikanga tuku iho i te paepae 18-tau. Ko ngā tauira SD katoa i whakamatautauria me ngā tikanga tuku iho i runga i te huinga whakamātautau ā-roto i whakaatu i ngā taumata whakahāwea e whakaaetia ana mō te tauira 18-tau te pakeke. Ko te aro o ngā tāne me ngā wāhine he nui ake i te 87.7% me te 94.9%, ia, ā, ko te motuhaketanga he nui ake i te 89.3% me te 84.7%. Ko te AUROC o ngā tauira katoa i whakamatautauria he nui ake i te 0.925. Ki tā mātou mōhio, kāore anō kia whakamatautauria e tētahi rangahau te mahi a te tauira DM mō te whakarōpūtanga 18-tau i runga i te pakeketanga o ngā niho. Ka taea e tātou te whakarite i ngā hua o tēnei rangahau ki te mahi whakarōpū o ngā tauira ako hohonu i runga i ngā whakaahua x-ray panoramic. I tatau a Guo et al.15 i te mahi whakarōpū o tētahi tauira ako hohonu e hangai ana ki te CNN me tētahi tikanga ā-ringa e hangai ana ki te tikanga a Demirjian mō tētahi paepae tau. Ko te aro me te motuhaketanga o te tikanga ā-ringa he 87.7% me te 95.5%, ia, ā, ko te aro me te motuhaketanga o te tauira CNN i neke atu i te 89.2% me te 86.6%. I whakatau rātou ka taea e ngā tauira ako hohonu te whakakapi, te mahi pai ake rānei i te aromatawai ā-ringa i roto i te whakarōpū i ngā paepae tau. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua o tēnei rangahau he rite tonu te mahi whakarōpū; E whakaponohia ana ka taea e te whakarōpūtanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira DM te whakakapi i ngā tikanga tatauranga tuku iho mō te whakatau tau. I roto i ngā tauira, ko te DM LR te tauira pai rawa atu i runga i te aro mō te tauira tāne me te aro me te motuhaketanga mō te tauira wahine. Ko te LR te tuarua i roto i te motuhaketanga mō ngā tāne. Heoi anō, e kiia ana ko te LR tētahi o ngā tauira DM35 he ngāwari ake te whakamahi, ā, he iti ake te uaua me te uaua ki te tukatuka. I runga i ēnei hua, i kiia ko te LR te tauira whakarōpūtanga tapahi pai rawa atu mō ngā taiohi 18-tau te pakeke i roto i te taupori Korea.
I te nuinga o te wā, he ngoikore, he iti iho rānei te tika o te whakatau tata tau, te mahi whakarōpū rānei i runga i te huinga whakamātautau o waho, ki te whakataurite ki ngā hua i runga i te huinga whakamātautau o roto. E whakaatu ana ētahi pūrongo ka heke te tika, te whai hua rānei o te whakarōpūtanga ina whakamahia ngā whakatau tata tau i runga i te taupori Kōrea ki te taupori Hapanihi5,39, ā, i kitea he tauira rite i roto i tēnei rangahau. I kitea anō hoki tēnei ia o te hekenga i roto i te tauira DM. Nō reira, kia tika ai te whakatau tata tau, ahakoa te whakamahi i te DM i roto i te tukanga tātari, me pai ake ngā tikanga i ahu mai i ngā raraunga taupori taketake, pērā i ngā tikanga tuku iho5,39,40,41,42. I te mea kāore i te mārama mēnā ka taea e ngā tauira ako hohonu te whakaatu i ngā ia ōrite, me whai rangahau e whakataurite ana i te tika me te whai hua o te whakarōpūtanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tuku iho, ngā tauira DM, me ngā tauira ako hohonu i runga i ngā tauira kotahi hei whakaū mēnā ka taea e te matauranga horihori te wikitoria i ēnei rerekētanga iwi i roto i ngā aromatawai tau iti.
E whakaatu ana mātou ka taea te whakakapi i ngā tikanga tuku iho e te whakatau tatai tau i runga i te tauira DM i roto i te mahi whakatau tatai tau i Korea. I kitea anō hoki e mātou te āheinga ki te whakatinana i te ako mīhini mō te aromatawai tau i te tātari. Heoi, he mārama ngā herenga, pērā i te korenga o te tokomaha o ngā kaiuru i roto i tēnei rangahau hei whakatau tika i ngā hua, me te korenga o ngā rangahau o mua hei whakataurite me te whakaū i ngā hua o tēnei rangahau. I te heke mai, me whakahaere ngā rangahau DM me te maha atu o ngā tauira me ngā taupori kanorau ake hei whakapai ake i tōna whai huatanga ki te whakataurite ki ngā tikanga tuku iho. Hei whakamana i te whaihua o te whakamahi i te matauranga horihori hei whakatau tatai i te tau i roto i ngā taupori maha, me whai rangahau ā muri ake nei hei whakataurite i te tika me te whai huatanga o te whakarōpūtanga o ngā tauira DM me te ako hohonu ki ngā tikanga tuku iho i roto i ngā tauira kotahi.
I whakamahia e te rangahau ngā whakaahua tuhi 2,657 i kohia mai i ngā pakeke Kōrea me Hapanihi i waenga i te 15 ki te 23 tau te pakeke. I wehea ngā whakaahua X-ray Kōrea ki ngā huinga whakangungu 900 (19.42 ± 2.65 tau) me ngā huinga whakamātautau ā-roto 900 (19.52 ± 2.59 tau). I kohia te huinga whakangungu i tētahi whare wānanga (Te Hōhipera o Seoul St. Mary), ā, i kohia te huinga whakamātautau ake i ngā whare wānanga e rua (Te Hōhipera Niho o te Whare Wānanga ā-Motu o Seoul me te Hōhipera Niho o te Whare Wānanga o Yonsei). I kohia hoki e mātou he 857 whakaahua X-ray mai i tētahi atu raraunga taupori (Te Whare Wānanga Hauora o Iwate, Hapani) mō te whakamātautau o waho. I tīpakohia ngā whakaahua X-ray o ngā tāngata Hapanihi (19.31 ± 2.60 tau) hei huinga whakamātautau o waho. I kohia whakamuri ngā raraunga hei tātari i ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga niho i runga i ngā whakaahua X-ray whānui i tangohia i te wā e rongoatia ana ngā niho. He ingoakore ngā raraunga katoa i kohia engari ko te ira tangata, te rā whānau me te rā o te whakaahua X-ray. He rite tonu ngā paearu whakauru me te whakakore ki ngā rangahau i whakaputaina i mua 4, 5. I tatauhia te tau tuturu o te tauira mā te tango i te rā whānau mai i te rā i tangohia ai te whakaahua x-ray. I wehea te rōpū tauira kia iwa ngā rōpū tau. Kei te Ripanga 3 ngā tohatoha tau me te ira tangata. I whakahaerehia tēnei rangahau i runga anō i te Whakapuakitanga o Helsinki, ā, i whakaaetia e te Poari Arotake Whare (IRB) o te Hōhipera o Seoul St. Mary's o te Whare Wānanga Katorika o Korea (KC22WISI0328). Nā te hoahoa whakamuri o tēnei rangahau, kāore i taea te tiki whakaaetanga whai whakaaro mai i ngā tūroro katoa e tirotirohia ana mō ngā kaupapa whakaora. I whakakorehia e te Hōhipera o Seoul Korea St. Mary's (IRB) te whakaritenga mō te whakaaetanga whai whakaaro.
I aromatawaihia ngā wāhanga whanaketanga o ngā niho molar tuarua me tuatoru o runga-rua i runga anō i ngā paearu Demircan25. Kotahi anake te niho i tīpakohia mēnā i kitea he momo niho ōrite i te taha maui me te taha matau o ia kauae. Mēnā he rerekē ngā wāhanga whanaketanga o ngā niho ōrite i ngā taha e rua, i tīpakohia te niho he iti ake te wāhanga whanaketanga hei whakaaro mō te koretake o te tau i whakatauhia. Kotahi rau ngā whakaahua X-ray i tīpakohia matapōkeretia mai i te huinga whakangungu i tohua e ngā kaimātakitaki mātau e rua hei whakamātautau i te pono o te kaimātakitaki i muri i te whakatikatika i mua hei whakatau i te wāhanga pakeketanga o ngā niho. I aromatawaihia te pono o te kaimātakitaki i roto i te kaimātakitaki e rua ngā wā i ia toru marama e te kaimātakitaki tuatahi.
I aromatawaihia te ira tangata me te wāhanga whanaketanga o ngā niho molar tuarua me tuatoru o ia kauae i roto i te huinga whakangungu e te kaitirotiro tuatahi i whakangungua ki ngā tauira DM rerekē, ā, i whakatakotoria te tau tūturu hei uara whāinga. I whakamatautauria ngā tauira SLP me MLP, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ako mīhini, ki ngā rauropi whakatauira. Ka whakakotahi te tauira DM i ngā mahi rārangi mā te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga whanaketanga o ngā niho e whā, ā, ka whakakotahi i ēnei raraunga hei aromatawai i te tau. Ko te SLP te whatunga io māmā rawa, ā, kāore he paparanga huna. Ka mahi te SLP i runga i te tuku paepae i waenga i ngā pona. He rite te tauira SLP i roto i te whakatauira ki te whakatauira rārangi maha. Kāore i rite ki te tauira SLP, he maha ngā paparanga huna o te tauira MLP me ngā mahi whakahohe kore-rārangi. I whakamahia e ā mātou whakamātautau he paparanga huna me te 20 noa iho ngā pona huna me ngā mahi whakahohe kore-rārangi. Whakamahia te hekenga rōnaki hei tikanga arotau me te MAE me te RMSE hei mahi ngaronga hei whakangungu i tā mātou tauira ako mīhini. Ko te tauira whakatauira pai rawa atu i whiwhihia i whakamahia ki ngā huinga whakamātautau ā-roto me waho, ā, i aromatawaihia te tau o ngā niho.
I whakawhanakehia he pūnaha whakarōpū e whakamahi ana i te pakeketanga o ngā niho e whā i runga i te huinga whakangungu hei matapae mēnā he 18 tau te pakeke o te tauira, kāore rānei. Hei hanga i te tauira, i tangohia e mātou e whitu ngā pūnaha ako mīhini whakaatu6,43: (1) LR, (2) KNN, (3) SVM, (4) DT, (5) RF, (6) XGBoost, me (7) MLP. Ko te LR tētahi o ngā pūnaha whakarōpū e whakamahia whānuitia ana44. He pūnaha ako e tirotirohia ana e whakamahi ana i te whakatauira hei matapae i te tūponotanga o ngā raraunga nō tētahi kāwai mai i te 0 ki te 1, ā, ka whakarōpū i ngā raraunga hei nō tētahi kāwai pea ake i runga i tēnei tūponotanga; e whakamahia ana mō te whakarōpūtanga rua. Ko te KNN tētahi o ngā pūnaha ako mīhini māmā rawa45. Ina hoatu he raraunga whakauru hou, ka kitea e ia ngā raraunga k e tata ana ki te huinga o nāianei, kātahi ka whakarōpūhia ki roto i te akomanga me te auau teitei rawa. Ka whakatakotoria e mātou te 3 mō te maha o ngā hoa tata e whakaarohia ana (k). Ko te SVM he pūnaha e whakanui ana i te tawhiti i waenga i ngā akomanga e rua mā te whakamahi i te mahi kernel hei whakawhānui i te wāhi raina ki roto i tētahi wāhi kore-raina e kiia nei ko ngā mara46. Mō tēnei tauira, ka whakamahia e mātou te pānga = 1, te mana = 1, me te gamma = 1 hei hyperprometers mō te kernel polynomial. Kua whakamahia te DT i roto i ngā mara maha hei algorithm mō te wehewehe i tētahi huinga raraunga katoa ki ētahi rōpū iti mā te whakaatu i ngā ture whakatau i roto i tētahi hanganga rākau47. Kua whirihorahia te tauira me te iti rawa o ngā rekoata mō ia pona o te 2, ā, ka whakamahia te taupū Gini hei ine i te kounga. Ko te RF he tikanga huinga e whakakotahi ana i ngā DT maha hei whakapai ake i te mahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga whakahiato bootstrap e whakaputa ana i tētahi whakarōpū ngoikore mō ia tauira mā te tuhi matapōkere i ngā tauira o te rahi kotahi i ngā wā maha mai i te huinga raraunga taketake48. I whakamahia e mātou he 100 ngā rākau, he 10 ngā hohonutanga rākau, he 1 te rahi pona iti rawa, me te taupū whakauru Gini hei paearu wehewehe pona. Ka whakatauhia te whakarōpūtanga o ngā raraunga hou mā te pōti nuinga. Ko te XGBoost he algorithm e whakakotahi ana i ngā tikanga whakanui mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga e tango ana i te hapa i waenga i ngā uara tūturu me ngā uara matapae o te tauira o mua hei raraunga whakangungu, ā, ka whakanui ake i te hapa mā te whakamahi i ngā rōnaki49. He rauropi whānui tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā te pai o tana mahi me te whai hua o ngā rauemi, me te pono hoki hei mahi whakatikatika overfit. E 400 ngā wira tautoko kei roto i te tauira. He whatunga io te MLP e hangaia ana e tētahi, neke atu rānei ngā perceptron he maha ngā paparanga me tētahi, neke atu rānei ngā paparanga huna i waenga i ngā paparanga whakauru me ngā paparanga putanga38. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei, ka taea e koe te mahi whakarōpūtanga kore-raina, ina tāpirihia e koe he paparanga whakauru, ā, ka whiwhi koe i te uara hua, ka whakaritea te uara hua i matapaetia ki te uara hua tuturu, ā, ka horahia te hapa ki muri. I hangaia e mātou he paparanga huna me te 20 ngā neuron huna i roto i ia paparanga. I whakamahia ia tauira i whakawhanakehia e mātou ki ngā huinga ā-roto me ā-waho hei whakamātautau i te mahi whakarōpūtanga mā te tatau i te aro, te motuhaketanga, te PPV, te NPV, me te AUROC. Ko te aro te ōwehenga o tētahi tauira e kiia ana he 18 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei, ki tētahi tauira e kiia ana he 18 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei. Ko te motuhaketanga te ōwehenga o ngā tauira kei raro iho i te 18 tau te pakeke me ērā e kiia ana he kei raro iho i te 18 tau te pakeke.
I hurihia ngā wāhanga niho i aromatawaitia i roto i te huinga whakangungu hei wāhanga tau mō te tātari tatauranga. I whakahaerehia te whakatauira raina me te whakatauira logistic maha-taurangi hei whakawhanake i ngā tauira matapae mō ia ira tangata, me te whakaputa i ngā tātai whakatauira ka taea te whakamahi hei whakatau tata i te tau. I whakamahia e mātou ēnei tātai hei whakatau tata i te tau o ngā niho mō ngā huinga whakamātautau ā-roto me waho. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 4 i ngā tauira whakatauira me te whakarōpūtanga i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau.
I tatauhia te pono o te tirotiro-ā-roto me te tirotiro-ā-roto mā te whakamahi i te tatauranga kappa a Cohen. Hei whakamātautau i te tika o ngā tauira DM me ngā tauira whakatauira tuku iho, i tatauhia e mātou te MAE me te RMSE mā te whakamahi i ngā tau i whakatau tatahia me ngā tau tūturu o ngā huinga whakamātautau ā-roto me ā-waho. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei hapa hei aromatawai i te tika o ngā matapae tauira. Ko te iti o te hapa, ko te teitei ake o te tika o te matapae24. Whakatauritehia te MAE me te RMSE o ngā huinga whakamātautau ā-roto me ā-waho i tatauhia mā te whakamahi i te DM me te whakatauira tuku iho. I aromatawaihia te mahi whakarōpūtanga o te tapahi 18-tau i roto i ngā tatauranga tuku iho mā te whakamahi i te ripanga āwhata 2 × 2. I whakaritea te aro, te motuhaketanga, te PPV, te NPV, me te AUROC i tatauhia o te huinga whakamātautau ki ngā uara i inehia o te tauira whakarōpūtanga DM. Ka whakaatuhia ngā raraunga hei toharite ± paerewa rerekētanga, hei tau rānei (%) i runga i ngā āhuatanga raraunga. I kiia he hiranga tatauranga ngā uara P taha-rua <0.05. I mahia ngā tātaritanga tatauranga noa katoa mā te whakamahi i te SAS putanga 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). I whakatinanahia te tauira whakatauira DM i roto i te Python mā te whakamahi i te Keras50 2.2.4 backend me te Tensorflow51 1.8.0 mō ngā mahi pāngarau anake. I whakatinanahia te tauira whakarōpūtanga DM i roto i te Waikato Knowledge Analysis Environment me te tūāpapa tātari Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) 4.6.152.
E whakaae ana ngā kaituhi kei roto i te tuhinga me ngā rauemi tāpiri ngā raraunga e tautoko ana i ngā whakatau o te rangahau. Kei te wātea mai i te kaituhi e pā ana ngā huinga raraunga i hangaia, i tātarihia rānei i te wā o te rangahau, mēnā he tono tika.
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Wā tuku: Hanuere-04-2024